ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe baseline caries experience of approximately 5,000 children in South Carolina and Maine was used as the dependent variable in caries risk assessment analyses. Clinical, microbiologic, and demographic factors served as independent variables in a multivariate relationship to caries through regression and discriminant function analyses. Four factors–number of dental visits by the child in the past year, presence of white spot lesions, and both the urgency of need for restorative care and the future caries increment predicted by the examiner–associated significantly and consistently with caries prevalence in primary and permanent teeth of first and fifth graders at both study sites. Several factors associated significantly with caries prevalence at only one site or grade within a site, suggesting that wide applicability of a specific caries risk assessment model may be limited. In these analyses, sensitivity ranged from .60 to .72 and specificity varied from .86 to .91 in the four grade‐site groups. The ultimate goal of this longitudinal study is to identify highly caries‐prone children in time to prevent the occurrence of a future caries increment. Although the lack of consistent association of many variables, including microbiologic factors, with baseline caries prevalence was unexpected, it is expected that some of these variables will contribute predictive power in the prospectiv

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDentists can be divided into five adoption categories based upon their time of adoption of pit and fissure sealants: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. The differences among dentists in the five adoption categories were examined for four classes of variables: practice characteristics, dentist characteristics, communication of information, and practice environment. Questionnaires were mailed in September 1984 to a random sample (N=521) of Washington State dentists in general practices. A total of 376 completed questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 72 percent. Adoption of sealants proceeded as follows: 5 percent of dentists through 1973, 24 percent through 1979, 50 percent through 1982, and 75 percent through 1984. Adoption category was related to percent of assistants who were certified, delegation to assistants and hygienists, magnitude of the fees charged by the practice, number of staff meetings per month, the dentist having been an officer in a dental organization, year the dentist adopted other new technologies, dentist's self‐rating of willingness to try new things, percent of patients who are children, and percent of the dentist's colleagues who used sealants. These data lend some support to the two‐stage or opinion‐leader model of diffusion and suggest that new technologies can be promoted by first influencing dentists who consistently adopt

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe act relating to dental health services implied a reorganization of the public dental health services in Norway in 1984. The act intended to extend the target group of public dental health services and to achieve social and geographic equality in the distribution of dental health services among children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree to which these intentions had been fulfilled. The material comprised two nationwide, stratified, and randomly selected samples of 3,356 and 2,970 children and adolescents in the age group zero to 18 years. Data were collected in 1975 and 1985. Both the theoretical and the empirical models applied structural and individual resources to explain individual variation in use of dental health services. The results showed that the proportion of zero‐ to 18‐year‐olds who had seen a dentist within the past 12 months was higher in 1985 than in 1975 (81.7% and 75.8%, respectively). Bivariate and trivariate table analyses showed that statistically significant associations between structural resources and use of dental health services disappeared when controlling for a third variable. Use of dental health services among children and adolescents in Norway was not systematically influenced by the same factors, as was the use of dental health services in the adult population. Thus, the Public Dental Health Service in Norway seems to have had the capability of compensating for most of the discriminating effects that individual and structural factors may have on the use of dental health services both before and after the reorganization of the public dental health se

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of second and fifth grade children was conducted in upstate New York to determine recent trends in dental caries prevalence. Clinical examinations were conducted on 960 second grade and 837 fifth grade children in 51 schools. A single examiner derived the findings on a uniform basis using a standard protocol. An examination of changes in the percent of caries‐free children and mean DMFS/dfs indices revealed that caries prevalence has continued to decline. Although the low SES group in this survey had consistently higher caries levels and a higher treatment need compared to the high SES group, the magnitude of the difference was much smaller compared to the previous survey. Because the sampling was restricted to young children in upstate New York, the trends observed should not be applied to a similar New York City population, to older children throughout New York State, or to children in other state

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of three modes of education on dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and use of pit and fissure sealants. A randomly selected group of dentists was invited to participate in a sealant education initiative. During a 12‐month period, a total of 662 dentists either (1) attended continuing education courses, (2) received written materials and videotapes by mail, or (3) received only written materials by mail. A comparison group (n=337) received no materials until after the education phase and evaluation had been completed. Pre‐and postintervention surveys were used to measure changes in knowledge, attitudes, and sealant use. Response rates to the two surveys were 62 percent and 76 percent, respectively. Preintervention values for knowledge scores, an attitude scale, and sealant use were similar among the four groups. At followup, the three education groups had significantly higher knowledge scores than the comparison group. Attitude values for all but one group were not significantly different, and sealant use by all groups was identical. The numbers of respondents not using sealants declined slightly between surveys in the three education groups while rising slightly in the No‐Education Group. Because program outcomes were similar to those of another sealant initiative, it can probably be concluded that continuing education will increase dentists' knowledge about sealants, but have little effect upon their attitudes or their use of the technique. The changes observed in this investigation maybe due to the particular capacity for cognitive and affective change's of participants, characteristics of the technology being promoted, and external forces in the professional enviro

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine whether Venturi Fluoride Saturator (VFS) systems could be used to fluoridate small community and school water supply systems with an acceptable level of maintenance. VFS systems were installed and operated at four school and six community well sites according to state and federal regulations and recommendations. School VFS systems were unable to maintain optimum fluoride residuals even with substantial maintenance. All six community well site VFS systems performed acceptably, with only a few short lapses. VFS system maintenance was labor intensive. Recurring problems were caused by lengthy equipment delivery delays, the unavailability of timely technical assistance to support the VFS system, and the inadequate quality of VFS equipment and design. Based upon these findings, further expansion of the use of VFS systems either for community or school fluoridation cannot be recommended. Additional study of and improvements in the VFS system are indicated. Three major recommendations appear appropriate: (1) extensive laboratory testing of the VFS system concept under controlled conditions should be performed to determine the functioning parameters of this equipment under different hydrody‐namic conditions; (2) additional research and development of the VFS unit to improve the quality of operations and the quality control of manufacturing and assembly should be undertaken; and (3) a VFS equipment distribution network should be developed, with sufficient logistical and technical support to supply equipment parts and expertise for installation, monitoring, and maintenance in a timely and efficient manne

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1991.tb02210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY