摘要:

AbstractThe fluorosis risk index (FRl), a new index developed for use in analytical epidemiologic studies, is designed to permit a more accurate identification of associations between age‐specific exposures to fluoride sources and the development of enamel fluorosis. The FRl divides the enamel surfaces of the permanent dentition into two developmentally related groups of surface zones, designated either as having begun formation during the first year of life (classification I) or during the third through sixth years of life (classification II). Data from the first use of this index in a population‐based case‐control study are given to illustrate the high reliability of the index, its validity, and its unique utility for the identification of risk factors of enamel fluo

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince the early 1970s, caries prevalence among school‐aged children in the United States has declined. It appears that a small percentage of the children experience most of the caries increment. In addition, a large proportion of children in the US who need dental care receive it (4,5). An important factor in the amount of treatment received by children is the socioeconomic status of the family. Data on caries prevalence among preschool populations are limited. The Head Start program serves low‐income families in the US and offers a unique opportunity to look at individuals who may be at greater risk of health problems and may experience less access to health services. A survey of 1,796 three‐ to five‐year old Head Start children from low‐income families was conducted in 1986–87. Caries prevalence, baby bottle tooth decay prevalence and relative need for dental care are reported for fluoridated and non fluoridated communities in California, Hawaii, and Micronesia. The data reveal scores that are higher in the sample population than in five‐year‐olds in national surveys and among Head Start children in p

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dental literature contains many recommendations defining standards for infection control. Little information is available, however, documenting the cost of implementing these standards. This article describes the cost incurred by the Indian Health Service Dental Program in the Oklahoma area between 1985 and 1988 for infection control. During this period, comprehensive infection control recommendations were published for oral health programs serving Native Americans and data were collected on supply utilization. While productivity data were collected for that same time period do not support the premise that infection control practices lead to decreased clinical productivity, infection control supply costs did increase over fourfold during this period.

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite evidence indicating dental sealants to be effective in pre venting caries on the pit and fissure surfaces of teeth, only 8 percent of school‐aged US children had received sealants as of 1986–87. While many rationales have been suggested and scientifically answered for this low level of utilization, issues of cost and cost effectiveness remain considerable barriers to many insurers and public programs. This study reports dentist behavior when sealants were added with few restrictions as a new benefit to an existing third party system of care. Results are compared to another third party program with stricter reimbursement policies. Overall, sealants were provided in a reasonable fashion to both groups of patients, relative to teeth selected for sealing and costs. Only a small proportion of patients receiving sealants were underage sixoraboveage 19. Even under the most liberal program, sealants were predominantly targeted to teeth at highest risk to decay. Still, for both groups, a significant proportion of the sealants were placed in teeth at points in time quite distant from expected eruption patterns and, thus, their periods of highest risk to decay. Overall, dentists appeared to use sealants only minimally in their practices. These data suggest that sealants can be added to third party dental programs with little overall risk of inappropriate use or abuse. They also suggest that specific efforts are merited to educate providers as to the most effective times at which to provide sealants for preventing the maximum amount of decay in a populat

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn January 31, 1989, the city council of Phoenix, Arizona, voted to approve water fluoridation. Despite a small number of campaign participants and a limited budget, profluoridationists launched a successful 16‐month effort that included novel marketing techniques, intensive collaboration with media representatives, and an aggressive challenge of the antifluoridation movement. Public support was garnered through an advisory petition effort and positive media coverage; political support resulted from a carefully orchestrated educational strategy that included expert testimony and comprehensive reference materials. With a population of approximately 1 million people, Phoenix is the ninth largest city in the country and, until the measure was implemented, the third largest nonfluoridated cit

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb02147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY