ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sample of 175 same sex dizygotic pairs and 144 monozygotic twin pairs aged between 8:00 and 18:00 completed the Fear Survey Schedule for Children–Revised. The heritabilities were significant for Fear of the Unknown (h2= 0.46,p<0.001), Fear of Injury and Small Animals (h2= 0.46,p<0.001), Fear of Danger (h2= 0.34,p<0.001) and for Total Fear Score (h2= 0.29,p<0.001). Multiple regression was used to estimate the heritability of extreme fearfulness (h2). For each of the fear factors the values ofh2were of similar magnitude to those ofh2suggesting that there is no evidence of greater genetic influences at more extreme levels of fearfulnes

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study describes the second revision of a fear survey schedule for children which was originally developed by Scherer and Nakamura in the 1960's. The revised instrument (FSSC‐II) was psychometrically evaluated on a sample of 918 children and adolescents aged between 7 and 18 years, attending regular primary and secondary schools in urban, suburban and rural areas of Victoria. It was demonstrated to have high internal consistency. The convergent and divergent validity of the revised instrument was examined by correlating it with conceptually related as well as distinct scales, respectively. Such analyses demonstrated sound validity. A five‐factor solution almost identical to that reported for the FSSC‐R, is described as are age and gender differences. The most common fears on the revised instrument are also rep

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined sources of distress experienced by 15‐year‐old adolescents in a large sample from the general population. We identified four types of stressful life circumstances relating to problems of self‐image and independence, academic and physical competence, parental conflict, and moving residence and schools. Girls reported higher levels of distress for the first three types of circumstance. Reports of distress were associated with poor family social support, maternal depression and parental separation. Both DSM‐III disorder and poor social competence were associated with differential patterns of distress. Lastly, poor social competence and high distress were independent and additive predictors of mental health di

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParents' reports and adolescents' self‐reports of problem behaviors in 883 11–19‐year‐olds from the general population were compared. Correlations between both informants' CBCL syndrome scores ranged from 0.27 to 0.56. Adolescents reported many more problems than their parents did about them. Discrepancies were larger for externalizing than for internalizing problems, were larger for girls than for boys and increased with age. The findings indicated that adolescents, especially as they grow older, are indispensable informants on their own problem be

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe clinical records of 72 children and adolescents aged 5–18 with a diagnosis of OCD were examined. Mean age of onset was 11 years. Repeating, cleaning and checking were the most common compulsions. Twenty percent of subjects showed obsessions unrelated to compulsions. In 53% of cases stress situations preceded the disorder. Seventy‐seven percent of subjects suffered some other psychiatric disorder, lifetime or current, particularly anxiety and affective disorders. The majority (57%) had some first‐degree relative with a psychiatric diagnosis. Family conflicts, social withdrawal and poor school performance were also common fea

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPiagetian cognitive level, language abilities, adaptive behaviour and graphic skills were assessed in three groups of adolescents with severe learning difficulties: Down's syndrome (DS), congenital cerebral palsy (CP) and unknown origin (NSP). Results were compared with assessments made seven years earlier. A wide range of scores was observed in each group. Medians of the DS and NSP groups were similar and generally were significantly higher than those of the CP group. When the number and severity of other impairments and disabilities (HDCP) was taken into account, group averages of attainments and progress were very similar. Implications for intervention are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between exposure to family change, exposure to parental discord during the period from birth to 10 years and risks of offending by the age of 13 years was studied in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. This analysis showed that while exposure to parental discord during middle and early childhood led to increased risks of early offending, exposure to family change in the absence of parental discord did not lead to increased risks of offending. The results also suggested that children with a history of early conduct problems were particularly susceptible to parental discord but that the effects of discord did not vary with the child's gender. These results persisted when errors of measurement in the reporting of offending were taken into account using latent class methods.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPossible pre‐ and perinatal risk factors for subsequent referral for hyperactivity were assessed by comparing birth records of 129 referrals with the remaining 24,656 members of a geographically defined birth cohort. Relationships between the risk factors were accounted for using logistic regression methods. The significant factors were: social class, maternal age, antepartum haemorrhage, length of labour (second stage), 1‐min Apgar and sex. Associations between referral for hyperactivity and the pregnancy, labour and birth outcome factors were not explained by the socio‐demographic variables. The results suggest that such factors have a statistically significant association with referral for hyperactivity and may be of modest aetiological importance. However, the predictive power of the final set of factors remained low even on the original dat

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐four hyperactive and 55 non‐hyperactive children made a button press after the disappearance of a stimulus presented for either 1, 15 or 30 sec. Hyperactive children's responses were generally slower than those of non‐hyperactive children and increased with length of pre‐response delay, while non‐hyperactive children's response time remained the same across all presentation levels. The results are interpreted as giving support to accounts that stress the role of pre‐response delay, rather than time on taskper se, as an important determinant of hyperactive children's attentional

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY