ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors investigated the validity of Asperger Syndrome (AS) by comparing the neuropsychological profiles in this condition and Higher‐Functioning Autism (HFA). Diagnostic assignment followed a stringent procedure based on ICD‐10 research criteria for the two disorders. The groups had comparable age and Full Scale IQ distributions. The groups differed significantly in 11 neuropsychological areas. The profile obtained for individuals with AS coincided closely with a cluster of neuropsychological assets and deficits captured by the term nonverbal learning disabilities, suggesting an empirical distinction from

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA significant percentage of children with disruptive behaviour disorders do not receive mental health assistance. Utilization is lowest among groups whose children are at greatest risk. To increase the availability, accessibility, and cost efficacy of parent training programs, this prospective randomized trial compared a large group community‐based parent training program to a clinic‐based individual parent training (FT) program. All families of junior kindergartners in the Hamilton public and separate school boards were sent a checklist regarding problems at home. Those returning questionnaires above the 90th percentile were block randomly assigned to: (1) a 12–week clinic‐based individual parent training (Clinic/Individual), (2) a 12–week community‐based large group parent training (Community/Group), or (3) a waiting list control condition. Immigrant families, those using English as a second language, and parents of children with severe behaviour problems were significantly more liklely to enrol in Community/Groups than Clinic/Individual FT. Parents in Community/Groups reported greater improvements in behaviour problems at home and better maintenance of these gains at 6‐month follow‐up. A cost analysis showed that, with groups of 18 families, Community/Groups are more than six times as cost effective as Clinic/Indi

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and rates of adolescent (15–16 years) depressive symptoms was studied in a birth cohort of 934 New Zealand children. There was a clear correlation between maternal depressive symptoms and subsequent depressive symptoms in adolescent females(r=.44) but no association (r= ‐.01) between maternal depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms in adolescent males. Subsequent analysis suggested that the correlation between maternal depression and depressive symptoms in adolescent females was largely explained by the associations of both measures with a series of social and contextual factors including social disadvantage, marital discord and family adversity. It is concluded that maternal depression is only associated with depression in adolescence insofar as maternal depression is associated /with social disadvantage, marital discord or family advers

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract37 Mothers of children with conduct disorder who had received Parent Management Training (PMT) were interviewed using the Adult Attachment Interview, 15–43 months after treatment. Child behaviour levels at follow‐up were strongly associated with the scores at referral in the unresolved attachment group, but not in the resolved group. This was reflected in a statistical interaction between referral behaviour score and resolved/unresolved attachment status in a regression model. This model, which also included a strong independent contribution from a composite psychosocial stress index, explained 66% of the variance in follow‐up behaviour scores. The implications of these results for predicting the outcome of PMT are disc

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined whether children who initiate physical fights are impulsive as measured by a continuous performance test. A series of 111 7‐13‐year‐old psychiatric patients were diagnosed using DSM‐III‐R criteria and divided according to whether they showed a persistent pattern of initiating physical fights. Children who initiated fights were impulsive irrespective of whether ADHD was present or not, although ADHD was also associated with increased impulsivity. Oppositional‐defiant disorder and conduct disorder diagnoses were not associated with impulsivity. These findings are discussed in terms of an underlying impulsive personality trait and its possible relationship to outcome in children with disruptive behavio

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGeneralization from twin studies relies on the assumption that liability to develop the disorder which is studied is influenced by similar factors in twins and singletons. The present study examines the impact of pre‐ and perinatal factors on parental reports of behaviour problems in 1832 twins, and compares level of attention problems, internalizing and externalizing behaviour in the twins with 723 children and adolescents from a general population sample. The modest influence of relative birth weight and birth order on level of attention problems in twins did not contribute to significant differences between twins and the general population sample. The levels of attention problems and externalizing behaviour was similar and there was a modest age dependent difference in internalizing behaviour. An increased variance was found for externalizing behaviour in twin

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPsychological distress, as expressed through symptoms of depression, was studied in a cross‐sectional sample of parents providing homecare to developmentally disabled children. Mothers and fathers were interviewed separately in 73 households. The intent of the study was to explore predictors of symptoms of depression to better understand what child, family and life circumstances might be differentially related to psychological stress in the cohorts of men and women. Hierarchical regression analyses showed similar levels of variance explained in depression of mothers (42%) and fathers (40%). Mothers with younger children, and fathers with male children, appeared to be at higher risk for depression. Personal or intra‐psychic coping resources (self esteem), and strong‐tie social support resources (spousal relationship) were found to be significant predictors of depression in both mothers and fathers. Informal respite resources were related to mothers’ wel

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐one high‐functioning individuals with autism between the ages of 7 and 36 and an age and intelligence matched comparison group were investigated in their ability to recognise emotions in photographs. A colour identification task served as control condition. The autistic group was significantly impaired on the emotions task only. There was no substantial difference between groups in the structures underlying their emotional concepts (pleasantness and arousal). However, there is a trend for the autistic group to rely on other strategies in the recognition of emotions than the comparison group. These strategies may be insufficient in the appreciation of facial expressi

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY