ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDevelopmental aspects of psychiatric disorders may be inferred from patterns of age differences in prevalence. Age‐specific prevalences are provided for nine disorders in a general population sample of ages 10–20. Age and gender patterns for several disorders suggest developmental stage‐associated risks. These include oppositional disorder in both genders and conduct disorder and major depression in girls. Major depression shows a pattern suggestive of a role for the onset of puberty. The prevalence of one or more disorders did not differ by age or gender. However, the pattern of specific diagnoses varied greatly by both age and g

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe persistence and new onset of psychiatric disorder were studied in a sample of 734 children from the general population. Diagnoses for six of the more prevalent disorders were generated from maternal and child interviews when the children were ages 9–18 and again 2 1/2 years later. Analyses demonstrated substantial levels of diagnostic persistence over the 2 1/2 year period for all diagnoses except major depression. With few exceptions persistence was roughly equivalent for age and gender subgroups. It is concluded that disorders assessed by structured interview of non‐clinical samples of children cannot be dismissed as transit

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of a new standardised investigator‐based interview, PACE (Psychosocial Assessment of Childhood Experiences), for the assessment of acute life events and long‐term psychosocial experiences is described. An application of PACE to a sample of 84 children referred to psychiatric clinics and 22 general population controls, is presented. Reliability was assessed using a separate clinic sample of 15 child‐parent pairs. The findings showed that PACE has satisfactory reliability and discriminant val

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between conduct disorder and attention deficit behaviours in middle childhood (6, 8 and 10 years) and juvenile offending and academic achievement were examined in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. The application of structural equation modelling methods suggested that early behavioural tendencies are related to later developmental outcomes by two highly correlated but distinct developmental progressions. In the first such progression, early conduct disorder behaviours acted as a precursor of future offending patterns but these behaviours were unrelated to later school performance when the correlation between conduct disorder and attention deficit was taken into account. In the second developmental progression early attentional/cognitive behaviours were related to future school performance but were unrelated to the development of antisocial behaviours when the correlations between conduct disorder and cognitive/attentional variables were taken into account. The implications of these findings for validating the distinction between conduct disorder and attention deficit behaviours is discussed and the problems of analysing and explaining the high comorbidity between conduct disorder and attention deficit behaviours are considered.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe impact of brief early hospitalization was investigated in a controlled natural experiment of 14 children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) who were hospitalized for palatal repair at 9.5 months of age, and another 13 CLP children who were hospitalized at 12.5 months of age; 14 children without clefts who were not hospitalized served as controls. After hospitalization children were more likely to avoid their mothers both following a brief stressful separation at home and in the Strange Situation. It was suggested that CLP children may have learned to cope with stress by shifting the attention away from the mother.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper stems from a prospective case control study of the effects of child sexual abuse and explores issues of sampling bias resulting from non‐participation in research. Despite similarities in family demographics and in the level of abuse experienced, differences between the study participants and non‐participants emerged. The more dysfunctional families were less likely to participate, the research was not a passive experience for the families and finally, non‐partipants were offered less therapy following clinical assessment The implications of these differences for the main prospective study will be ex

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper briefly reviews the literature on stress and coping in families of developmentally handicapped children and proposes an alternative way for conceptualizing some of the psychological processes involved. The approach specifies how threats to certain human needs lead to predictable patterns of appraisal and coping. The usefulness of this alternative is demonstrated for families of autistic children and the theoretical and clinical implications are discussed

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLatent inhibition (LI), the retardation of associative learning as a function of prior stimulus exposure, is believed to reflect normal attentional processes Previous research has demonstrated an attenuated LI effect in acute schizophrenics as well as normal subjects who rate high on schizotypal scales The present study examined LI in two age groups (66.1 and 77 4 months) of hyperactive and normal children The younger normal children exhibited LI while the older ones did not. Neither of the hyperactive groups displayed LI The loss of LI in the hyperactive subjects was explained by proposing that these children are deficient in processing non‐salient, irrelevant stimu

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY