ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSixty‐four Greek cerebral‐palsied children, aged 2–13, and their siblings were observed in a semi‐structured play situation at home. Compared to matched control dyads, disabled children were passive and lacking in assertiveness, while their siblings were correspondingly more directive. Interaction in disabled dyads was predominantly hierarchical in nature with disabled children assuming the role of the younger child regardless of age or birth order. Control dyads were more egalitarian, with members taking turns in initiating the interaction. Maternal intervention was higher in disabled dyads, particularly among younger groups where social skills were poorly de

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe interactions between 64 cerebral‐palsied children and their siblings were compared to those of matched control dyads Disabled children displayed pronounced deficits in initiating and directing social interactions. Their siblings, regardless of their age or birth order, took on the leadership role and maintained the positive but controlling stance which was also displayed by mothers of the disabled. Though hierarchical organization allowed the disabled dyads to function effectively, the siblings failed to experience the frequent challenges and the close, reciprocal style of interaction developed by control dyad

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEarly screening studies of autistic individuals suggested that up to one‐quarter of cases were associated with the Fragile X anomaly. Recent studies find that the usual behavioural phenotype of the Fragile X anomaly is distinct from autism as usually defined, and that a variety of methodological factors contribute to the variability of the prevalence estimates. We report the prevalence of the Fragile X anomaly, using strict cytogenetic criteria, in a large sample of autistic individuals whose diagnosis was confirmed using a standardised diagnostic instrument. The anomaly was detected in 1.6% of tested autistic individuals from a combined sample of: autistic twins; clinic attenders; and, individuals from families multiplex for autism or related cognitive phenotypes. The anomaly was not detected in greater than 2.5% of any of the constituent samples and accounted for only a small proportion of the genetic influences amongst concordant twins and multiplex families. The anomaly was detected in 5% of the 40 tested autistic females, confirming reports that the prevalence of the anomaly is similar amongst autistic individuals of both sexe

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study addressed two questions: Can support be accurately and reliably rated? What are the relative setting and subject effects on observed spouse support? From a sample of families with a disruptive boy, the supportive or stressing behaviors of the father towards the mother were rated by trained observers in four different standardized situations. A generalizability study was carried out to assess the relative contribution of variance due to subjects, situations, and raters on the support and stress scores. Results indicate a reliable inter‐rater assessment of observed spouse support. Spouse support appears to be controlled both by personal and by situational characteristic

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated, via extended naturalistic observation: (a) how mothers and children responded emotionally to each other's emotional displays; and (b) whether ratings of the child's social‐emotional competence (made when the mother was absent) could be predicted by specific maternal responses to the child's emotions. Subjects were 28 mother‐toddler pairs. Sequential analyses suggested that emotional dialogue does exist between mothers and children: certain emotional responses of mothers and children occurred more often than expected by their base rate during interaction. Maternal responsiveness to child sadness, anger, fear and neutrality predicted dimensions of children's social‐emotional competence. Implications regarding the mother‐child affective environment, socialization of emotion and social competency, and developmental methodology are di

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis pilot study examined maternal characteristics and children's internalizing and externalizing problems among 53 families (26 alcohol‐dependent men, 27 controls) recruited from the general community in a north‐east metropolitan area. Comparisons by family type revealed significant differences in maternal depression, social support, life events and children's anxiety, depression and problem behaviors. Factor analysis and hierarchical multiple regression revealed that a maternal distress factor accounted for significant amounts of variance in child outcome variables in addition to that accounted for by fathers'alcohol dependence symptoms. Future studies of school‐age children of alcohol‐dependent men should routinely sample indices of maternal distress to improve assessments of children's developmental c

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe associations among negative life events (NLEs), perceived problem‐solving alternatives (PPSA), and depression in adolescents were studied prospectively One hundred and fifty high school students completed PPSA and depression scales when the term began, and the depression scale again after receiving term grades. Grade Change groups were defined by whether grades Increased or Dropped. The Dropped group who also selected Negative PPSAs increased in depression No other group differences were found Thus, experiencing a NLE is likely to lead to an increase in depressive symptomatology only for adolescents with primarily negative PPSAs, perhaps in interaction with prior depression, at least for the specific NLE studied he

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA general model for describing the structure of multiple trait measures reported by multiple sources and observed at multiple times is developed. This model is applied to data on conduct disorder/oppositional behaviour, attention deficit and anxiety/withdrawal reported by three sources (child, mother, teacher) at three ages (8, 10 and 12 years) for a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand children. This model was shown to fit the observed data adequately. The major conclusions of the analysis were: (a) reports of child behaviour derived from a specific source at a given time were of limited validity as measures of the child's behavioural tendencies; (b) reports of child behaviour derived from the same source were subject to correlated errors of measurement; (c) there was evidence of strong correlations (r=.80–.85) between conduct disorder/oppositional behaviour and attention deficit and weaker correlations (r=.30) between externalising traits and anxiety/withdrawal; and (d) when due allowance was made for errors of measurement in the report data, conduct disorder/oppositional behaviour, attention deficit and anxiety/withdrawal emerged as having very high stability across measurement periods. The implications of the results for a range of issues relating to the validity of report data, the interpretation of inter‐informant correlations, the correlation/comorbidity of child behaviour problems and the stability of behaviour are discus

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY