ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—This paper describes the assessment and treatment of children with peer relationship problems. The first part of the paper is organized around five topics: peer rejection, peer neglect, the absence of friendships, reputation in the peer group, and peer group affiliations. Next, a series of assessment methods is delineated, including peer, teacher, parent and self reports, as well as direct observational procedures. Finally, we suggest a number of treatment options, including social skills training, social cognitive interventions, and co‐operative group interventi

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—This paper describes a total population study of Asperger syndrome using a two‐stage procedure. All school children in an outer Goteborg borough were screened. Final case selection based on clinical work‐up showed a minimum prevalence of 3 6 per 1.000 children (7–16 years of age) using Gillberg and Gillberg's criteria and a male to female ratio of 4.1 Including suspected and possible Asperger syndrome cases, the prevalence rose to 7.1 per 1 000 children and the male:female ratio dropped to 2.3:1. These findings are discussed as they relate to previously published results in the field and to findings obtained using Szatmariet al.'s and ICD‐10 draft criteria for th

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Systematic variations of the block design task were given to 20 autistic, 33 normal and 12 mildly retarded subjects Designs were contrasted which were either “whole” or segmented, rotated or un rotated, and which did or did not contain obliques. Only segmentation, but neither of the spatial orientation factors, revealed a significant group difference. Autistic subjects, regardless of age and ability, performed better than controls when presented with un segmented designs. This result suggests that they need less of the normally required effort to segment a gestalt, and thus supports the hypothesis of weak central coherence as a characteristic of information processing in a

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Semantic and structural aspects of picture processing were investigated with graphically gifted mentally handicapped subjects and intellectually normal children. The results suggest that savants as well as controls rely primarily on semantically organised memory schemata when reproducing pictures. A semantically determined strategy also determines picture sorting. The findings indicate that within the domain of expertise there appears to be no difference between savants and normals regarding the nature of the mental structures underlying specific talents. The mental structures on which such talents: are based, should therefore be regarded as being relatively independent of the level of general cognitive functionin

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The purpose of the current investigation was to compare the genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in depressive symptomatology (as assessed using the Children's Depression Inventory) to such influences on extreme scores in an unselected sample of adolescents The sample included 707 pairs of siblings (average ages 14.5 and 12 9 years, respectively) participating in a combined twin‐and step‐family study. Moderate genetic influence was found for the full range of individual differences in depression; in contrast, there was non significant genetic influence, and significant shared environmental influence, on extreme scores. The results were interpreted using a risk model in which familial influences specific to the high end of the distribution contribute to depressive symptomatology in adoles

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—We investigated the ability of a measure of self‐image, two measures of depression, and demographic characteristics to predict the outcome of depressive symptoms. Subjects were 47 adolescents who were referred to outpatient treatment for depression. Subjects were assessed for depressive symptoms at three time periods. Self‐image as measured by the Offer Self‐image Questionnaire (OSIQ) was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms at both 3 months and 1 year. That was independent of initial levels of depression. The two most predictive scales from the OSIQ, were the emotional tone and mastery of the external world scales. The results are consistent with previous research indicating the importance of self‐image in adolescent depression The implications of these findings for treatment of adolescent depression are

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Temperament (EAS teacher and parent questionnaire) and mental state (modified DISC‐C interview with adolescent) was systematically assessed in 193 11 to 16 year olds (112 girls, 81 boys) screened for major depression in the community. Sex differences in the structure of temperament were noted from both parent and teacher reports High (negative) emotionality alone was associated with major depression, particularly (but not exclusively) in g

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Peer and sibling dyads (older children = 5–7 years; younger children = 2–5 years) were presented with simulations of friendly, angry, and resolution interactions between a male adult and the mother in the context of play sessions Expressions of positive effect increased among female siblings during the anger period and continued to be more common in the resolution period than in other groups. Prosocial behavior among male siblings greatly increased in the resolution period, with siblings generally more prosocial towards each other than peers in this period. The findings suggest that siblings may attempt to buffer each other from the stress of exposure to adults' di

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY