ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree phases in psychosocial research for children with cancer are identified. These phases reflect changing fashions in theoretical perspective and determine the questions asked and the way in which professionals and families “make sense” of the disease experience. First, (1950s and 1960s) information about cancer was not shared with children and families were prepared for the inevitability of death. Second, (1970s and 1980s), the focus shifted from “dying” to “living” with a life‐threatening condition. Information became more open. Currently, there is still greater emphasis on “living” with cancer. Attention has also shifted to the psychological needs of the l

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reliability of young children's self reports of psychiatric information is a concern of epidemiologists and clinicians alike. This paper explores the determinants of test‐retest reliability in a sample of children from the general population using reliability coefficients constructed from a kappa statistic. Age, cognitive ability, and gender are related to consistency of reports in a test‐retest paradigm. Controlling for age, cognitive ability and gender, children report more reliably on observable behaviors, and less reliably on questions involving unspecified time, reflections of one's own thoughts, and comparison of themselves with others. The reliability of reports of emotions lies between these two extremes. Surprisingly, sentence length of up to 40 words and psychiatric impairment of the child as measured by the Child Global Assessment Scale did not influence reliability. As might be expected, parents' reports of their children are more reliable than their children's repo

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe DSM and psychodynamic approaches provide different perspectives on child psychiatric diagnoses. Taking advantage of the recent publication of a psychodynamically oriented classification of child disorders, correspondences between these approaches were studied in a sample of outpatient clinic children. Clinician judges and a psychiatric interview schedule provided for diagnoses. Classifications of child psychopathology are still imperfect to a large extent. As a result, statistical comparisons can only yield limited relationships and caution is necessary when using classification tools. Methodological difficulties notwithstanding, various associations showed that DSM and psychodynamic constructs, while different, are not entirely independent.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of a retrospective, investigator‐based interview measure of Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) used with two community samples of adults in London is described. The component ratings are shown to have satisfactory inter‐rater reliability and also validity as determined by agreement between sisters' independent accounts. The association between the different childhood scales is explored as well as the relationship of childhood experiences to adult depression. Methodological issues concerning investigator‐based versus respondent‐based measures of childhood are discussed and a case made for use of the former. Advantages of using the CECA, a retrospective, time‐based measure of childhood, are

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrequencies and sequential patterns of behaviour elements in pure hyperactive (N=12), pure aggressive (N=13), combined hyperactive/aggressive (N=15) and control children (N=10) were recorded in a semistructured playroom session and subsequently compared. The samples were age and IQ‐matched. In an overall MANOVA a significant main effect for hyperactivity but not for aggression was found. The hyperactive children were characterized particularly by differences in squirming and changes in sitting. The sequential patterning of their behaviour revealed weaker temporal contingencies between their behaviour and the conversational speech of the experimenter than in the case of the nonhyperactive (aggressive and control) children. This may be explained by deficits in social attention in the hyperactive group

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLinks between children's psychological adjustment and individual differences in their perceptions of relationships with siblings, mothers, and friends were studied in a sample of 85 second‐graders. Results indicated that characteristics of these relationships were significantly correlated with children's loneliness, depressive mood, self‐esteem, and behavioral conduct. There were some links among children's perceptions of their relationships with siblings, friends, and mothers. A compensatory model of associations among adjustment and warmth in children's relationships with friends and mothers was supported. Children who reported that their relationships with either mothers, friends, or mothers and friends were characterized by high levels of warmth had significantly better adjustment outcomes than children who reported low levels of warmth in relationships with both friends and mothers. The importance of the network of children's relationships for their mental health is discus

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe unusually uneven intelligence test profile found in autism has been consistently replicated. However, few psychological theories of autism give prominence to this feature. Nor is it clear how currently influential theories, such as the theory of mind account or the executive function hypothesis, can explain the marked peaks and troughs found in the performance of both high‐ and low‐functioning individuals with autism. The present study reports the pattern of Wechsler subtest results for subjects with autism who do or do not pass standard theory of mind tasks. The results suggest that while difficulty with the Comprehension subtest may reflect poor theory of mind, relative skill on the Block Design subtest is characteristic of subjects with autism regardless of theory of mind performance. Implications of this finding for the central coherence hypothesis are conside

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe failure to produce pretend play seen in autism may arise from executive deficits associated with the syndrome. This experiment investigated the ability of children with autism to use various objects in pretence, the prediction being that they would have particular difficulty using props with a clear function (e.g. a pencil) to perform a different pretend function (e.g. to act as a toothbrush). However, children with autism were as likely as controls to select a prop with an inappropriate function from amongst other, nonfunctional props, suggesting that executive deficits of this particular kind cannot readily explain an absence of pretend play in autism.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY