ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hypothesis that attempts at motor mastery were accompanied by positive affective responses was tested in an observational study of 9–11–month old infants in a daycare setting. Five infants were observed as they attempted three age‐appropriate motor tasks – pulling to stand, standing with support, and taking steps with support. Positive affective responses included smiling, babbling, and laughing. The five infants were observed for a total of 82 hours. The proportion of positive affective behaviors associated with practicing new motor tasks was compared to the proportion associated with well‐practiced tasks. The hypothesis that more positive affective behaviors would be associated with attempts at mastering the new motor tasks was confirmed. There was no diminution in the association between the new motor tasks and positive affect as the infants continued to practice and master the three motor tasks. The results arc discussed in terms of individual differences in mastery motivation and the often suggested continuity between early mastery motivation and later com

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty five‐year‐olds were interviewed about conflict with peers, based on a simulated dispute between two glove puppets. Recommendations about tactics lo be used in resolving conflicts were affected by the child's gender and experience of being cared for by a depressed mother. In particular, the daughters of depressed women were leas likely than other children to recommend aggressive solutions to peer conflict; in contrast, the sons of depressed women were more likely than others to advocate aggression. Girls in general recommended more socialized tactics than boys

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00904.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of a postpartum Social Support Group intervention on mood state, attitudes and behavior of new mothers. Intervention conditions consisted of an eight session Social Support intervention (n = 44), a no intervention condition (n= 83) and a Group‐by‐Mail intervention (n= 15). Attitudinal and behavioral assessments were made before and after the interventions at 6 and 20 weeks postpartum, respectively. The primary results indicate that regardless of intervention condition mothers undergo an improvement in mood from 2 weeks to 5 months posspartum. Although the Social Support intervention did not alleviate maternal depression and. in fact, may be detrimental to depressed mothers' self‐confidence, it did increase mothers' proximal attention to their in

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00905.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhile factors such as gender and SES have been studied as moderators of stress for children, their perceptions of control have received little attention. In the current study, children's domain‐specific perceptions of their control during nmrua Conflict were investigated as potential moderators of the impact of family stress on children's behavior problems, and perceptions of competence. Ninety‐four children aged 6–12 years and mothers from families ranging in level of parental conflict from non discordant to discordant to physically violent were interviewed. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher levels of conflict control beliefs acted as compensatory moderators of stress, being associated with lower levels of problem behaviors across stress levels. However, higher conflict control beliefs acted as vulnerability moderators with regard to children's perceptions of compe

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe 4‐year stability in problem behaviors assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and their predictive validity with regard to poor outcome variables was studied in 1052 4–12–year old children from a general population sample. Irrespective of sex and age, the scores on [he CBCL of some 44% of the children remained above the 90th percentile over the 4‐year time interval. Externalizing problem behavior tended to show somewhat greater stability than internalizing problem behavior. High initial levels of both internalizing and externalizing problems, and persistence of problems were predictive of referral to mental health services. Referral to special education was higher for younger boys with high initial attention problems and school problems. Police contacts occurred more often in older boys with high initial aggression

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00907.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo recent WHO drafts for ICD‐10 diagnoses and the assessment of abnormal psycosocial situations were used in a large cohort of patients attending a child and adolescent psychiatric service. In addition IQ revealing frequency distributions of psychosocial features, it was shown that a total score of abnormal psychosocial features was mainly dependent on socioeconomic status and was to a lesser extent dependent, on age. Sex was not found to be significant. In addition, there was a significant association between IQ and settle maid categories of the list of psychosocial features. Among diagnoses, the strongest correlations with psychosocial conditions exist for conduct disorders and mixed disorders of conduct and emotions. A high symptom load is associated with higher frequencies of abnormal psychosocial situation

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00908.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation assesses situational variation in problem behaviors of children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity. Principal‐component factors (VARIMAX rotation) were computed for die Home/School Situations Questionnaires (HSQ/SSQ). For the HSQ, tour factors (emerged, accounting for 61% of variance. For the Social three factors emerged, accounting for 68% of variance. Factors were similar to those previously derived with non‐referred children. To assess discriminative power, factors were, compared (t‐tests) to previous data. All factors significantly discriminated ADD/H from non‐referred children. These data surest the factors add lo the utility of the HSQ/SSQ in assessin

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00909.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReports of problem behaviour in children with Down's syndrome and their siblings were gathered from mothers, fathers and teachers. Twenty‐one sibling pairs were included in the study. The Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (Quay&Peterson, 1983) Wag used to gather information on total problem behaviour and on five specific problem areas. Children with Down's syndrome were reported to display more problem behaviours overall and to show significantly more attentional problems than their siblings by all rater groups. Sisters of children with Down's syndrome were reported to be more conduct disordered than were brothers by mothers, fathers and Learners. Measures of depression and marital satisfaction found both parent groups to be in the non‐d is tressed range on these instruments, Depression contributed significantly to both parents' reports of problems in the siblings while marital satisfaction was important for mothers' reports of problems in children with Down's syndr

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00910.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a previous experimental study of children's listening responses in regard to speech sounds, autistic children showed preferential patterns which were in sharp contrast to a group of mentally‐handicapped and normally‐developing children. The present study reports the data obtained for four children whose clinical diagnosis (1) became available only some time after the study was carried out, and/or (2) differed from previously recorded clinical impressions. The results obtained support previous findings according to which a tack of attraction to speech sounds appears to be a feature of young autistic children's overall disregard to people. The present technique is discussed as a viable method to examine experimentally young autistic children's social unresponsive

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00911.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY