摘要:

SUMMARYAutistic children attending three different special units wire followed up over a 31/2–4 yr period to assess changes in educational, cognitive, linguistic, social and behavioural status. The group as a whole had made considerable progress in all spheres and it was concluded that the results amply justify the provisions of special education for autistic children. Comparisons between the units suggested that large amounts of specific teaching in a well‐controlled classroom situation is likely to bring the greatest benefits in terms of scholastic progress. The findings are used to consider a variety of specific questions in relation to the optimum types of schooling required for autistic child

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1973.tb01193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYDistorted underestimates (Pawlicki, 1970) of the scientific adequacy of behavior therapy research with children has resulted because appropriate design‐criteria relationships were not considered in evaluating studies in this area. Eighty percent of the studies have appropriately incorporated the criteria of control group, baseline, and systematic variation of treatment into their designs. However, even when design‐criteria relationships are considered, a number of criteria have been inadequately controlled for in a large percentage of studies. In fact, the criteria of unbiased observer and follow‐up have, on the average, been controlled for in only 46 per cent of the studies reviewed. If the scientific merit of research in this area is to be accepted, then more attention to tightening controls on these variables is n

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1973.tb01194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA measure of “acting‐out” behaviour in the form of absconding, together with measures of the effectiveness of treatment and quality of intake, were obtained for 66 boys' approved schools. Using correlation techniques it was shown that schools with high levels of absconding were less effective than might have been expected from the standard of their intake (as measured by I. Q. and number of previous court appearances). It was suggested that on the evidence presented “acting‐out” in general is not to be encouraged, although clearly further investigation

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1973.tb01195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn a delayed matching‐to‐sample experiment with 50 5‐yr old children it was found that the presence of square or diamond frameworks did not significantly effect the discriminability of horizontal and vertical lines, nor that of mirror‐imaged oblique lines, though performance on the former was significantly better than on the latter. These results indicate that young children do not, as Bryant (1969) proposed, spontaneously adopt a match‐mismatch perceptual code on this type, of task. It appears that the child's problem is to find some way of representing the sample stimuli in their absence. Whether the child uses a matching code, or a mediating response, or nothing, seems to depend mainly upon the way he is prepared for

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1973.tb01196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper has pointed out some of the issues, difficulties and hopes involved in the research into the area of infant–environment interaction. A short exposition of the meaning of basic concepts of “interaction”, “infant” and “environment” was given. Viewing infant–environment research in perspective reveals a basic misunderstanding of the concept of “interaction” in its typical interpretation as the‐impact‐of‐environment‐on‐infant, or the more recent interpretation as the‐impact‐of‐infant‐on‐environment. This misunderstanding holds both for studies investigating the social environment (mother, foster‐parents, caretakers) as well as the non‐social environment (isolation, enrichment, mobiles). Four different research models were reviewed and some of their differences, contributions and limitations pointed out. Finally, some new developments were discussed that seem to indicate a somewhat more sophisticated approach to this area of research. Whether these advances will yield a better understanding of the complexities of infant–environment interaction and its effects on infant (and pa

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1973.tb01197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed in this article:Determinants of Children's Game Style.RifkaEifermann.Child's Play.R. B., Herronand B. Sottow‐Smith.Psychological Theory and Educational Practice.H. S. N. McFarlan

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1973.tb01198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY