ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Recent autism and autism‐related research from Gothenburg is surveyed. In indigenous families, typical autism seems no more common now than 10 years ago. Genetic factors play a part in causing autism and Asperger syndrome. Certain medical syndromes carry a relatively high risk of concomitant autistic symptoms. Evidence for non‐specific brain dysfunction is often found in autism and autistic‐like conditions. The search for the underlying clue to the riddle of autism may be futile. Autism might be best conceptualized as a behavioural syndrome reflecting underlying brain dysfunction which shades into other clinical syndromes. A new class of disorders of empathy is p

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Two experiments were carried out assessing autistic children's recognition, discrimination, and fixation of unfamiliar faces and unfamiliar buildings. The experiments showed that (i) unfamiliar face recognition is impaired relative to normal peers, non‐verbal ability matched and verbal ability matched controls. Relative to verbal ability matched controls (ii) recognition of buildings is normal; (iii) there is an enhanced discrepancy between face discrimination and buildings discrimination, in favour of buildings; and (iv) fixation is normal. Analysis of the results suggests that impaired face recognition does not result from impaired attention or discrimina

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—This study examined the extent to which the social disabilities found in autism can be accounted for by the “Theory of Mind” hypothesis. Items related to social development from the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were administered to 29 CA‐, MA‐and IQ‐matched pairs of young autistic and non‐autistic, developmentally disabled children. These items were evaluated in relation to expected ages of acquisition based on the Vineland standardization database. Our results indicate that the social dysfunction in autism affects very basic and early emerging social behaviors which are typically present prior to the time at which even the earliest precursors of a theory of mind appa

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Two studies are reported in which the ability of people with Asperger's syndrome to understand problems of the type “Peter thinks that Jane thinks that …” was tested. The results showed that in contrast to younger or more handicapped autistic individuals, Asperger subjects were able to solve problems of the type just outlined, i.e. that they possessed a second‐order theory of mind. When asked to explain their solutions however, they typically did not use mental state terms but did not differ in this respect either from non‐handicapped or socially impaired, chronic schizophrenic controls. The implications of the results for current cognitive theories of autistic impairment ar

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The Test of Motor Impairment (TOMI) was used to select 12 children with a Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and 12 age‐matched controls. In an aiming task, movement latency, movement duration and its variability were significantly prolonged in the DCD group. In a coincidence timing version of the task, absolute timing error was significantly greater in the DCD group. The most robust chronometric effect for differentiating the two groups seemed to be the duration of movement when the target was small. Multiple regression showed that TOMI was a powerful indicator of movement durat

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01963.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The calendrical calculation performance of two 10‐year‐old children of the same intelligence level (IQ.90) but different calendrical ability, was compared with the performance of eight adult idiot‐savant calculators. The calculating speeds of the two 10‐year olds fell within the range of the reaction times of the adult savants. No improvement was detectable in a series of successive trials over time, either in speed or accuracy. It is concluded that the young calculators have already inferred rules about calendrical structure and that their performance cannot be accounted for by practice alone, but these savants use cognitive strategies to aid their pe

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01964.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Data from the Dunedin (New Zealand) Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study were used to examine continuity and discontinuity in digit sucking between 5 and 11 years. The data were also used to examine the relationship between digit sucking and behaviour problems at 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 years. Cross‐sectional analyses showed a relationship between digit sucking and behaviour problems at all ages, except 5 years. Longitudinal analysis by multiple regression showed that digit sucking at 5 and 7 years predicted behaviour problems at 7, 9 and 11 years. This effect was most apparent at 7 years. Children who sucked their digits at 11 years were more likely to have overjets of 6mm or more between their upper and lower dental arches. The behavioural and dental evidence suggest that it would be better for children to stop sucking their digits before they started school and acquired their permanent dentit

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01965.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—To explore a possible relationship between trichotillomania, (TTM) (compulsive hair pulling) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 65 out of 69 (94%) first degree relatives of 16 female probands with severe chronic TTM were compared with two control groups for OCD and for TTM. Three (19%) of the 16 TTM probands had at least one first degree relative with a lifetime history of OCD, and there was an age corrected rate of 6.4% of first degree relatives with OCD. No relative in control group (A) met criteria for OCD. There was a trend (Fishers exactp= .07, two tailed) for a higher rate (age corrected) of OCD in TTM families; these pilot data are consistent with the concept of a spectrum of obsessive compulsive disorders which includes TTM and other pathological grooming behaviour

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Over a 15‐year period adopted children were overrepresented in a psychiatric clinic population. The excess was seen in all age groups and there was no rise of referrals of adoptees during adolescence. Adopted boys showed the same range of disorder as all referred boys. Adopted girls were more likely than other girls to have conduct disorders. Those with conduct disorders were more likely than non‐adopted girls with the same disorder to be taken into care and to be given inpatient treatment. Differences in family structure and relationships were found both between conduct disordered girls of different adoptive status and between adopted girls with conduct and other diso

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY