ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influences of social and family characteristics on individual differences in reading and spelling ability and IQ were investigated for 550 twin children aged 13 yrs. Measures of family social circumstances, parental background, the emotional atmosphere at home and the family's reading behaviour were used as predictor variables in multiple regression analyses with reading, spelling and IQ as dependent variables. There were consistent relationships between many of these measures and the dependent variables. The findings are compared to a previous biometrical genetic analysis of the same data set. It is concluded that the results are within the limits predicted by the genetic analysis. Most of the effect of these environmental influences on children are general, i.e. related to IQ, and not specifically related to reading. After controlling for the effects of IQ on reading, only family size and some aspects of parent‐child relationships were significant predictors of reading abili

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe higher rate of antisocial behaviour in children from lower class environments has been hypothesized as arising from (a) genetic social class differences and/or (b) cultural/environmental disadvantages. The present study aims to evaluate the strength of the incidence of social class on adolescent antisocial behaviour. To separate genetic factors and the prenatal environment from postnatal rearing conditions, 77 children relinquished at birth and adopted before the age of 3 were studied. Using the Rutter “Children's Behaviour Questionnaire for Completion by Teachers”, eight antisocial behaviours were assessed when subjects were in late adolescence. With the exception of theft and bullying, results indicate that the higher the adoptive parental social class, the lower the antisocial behaviour rates in the adoptees. It is shown that the relationship between the total score of adoptees' antisocial behaviour and social class cannot be attributed exclusively to a concentration of these behaviours in the lowest class. No significant selective placement was observed. Concordances and discrepancies with previous studies are discu

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChildren diagnosed as congenitally hypothyroid and treated from a very early age were followed up at 1 and 3 years. At 1 year they seemed to be developing normally, unless they were undertreated or had an additional disorder. There were no significant correlations between biochemical or social factors and psychological outcome at 1 year. At 3 years, however, those children whose T4 and/or T3 had been very low initially had significantly lower IQ scores than both other hypothyroid children and matched controls. Children with only moderately low initial T4 and/or T3, however, were doing just as well as their matched controls. Initial levels of TSH, the number of symptoms at first clinical interview and the age at the start of treatment were not good indicators of ability at 3 years. Undertreatment was rare but did appear to affect ability.Psychological outcome at 3 years was also correlated with social class (for both cases and controls). Multiple regression analyses indicated that both low initial T4 (<20 nmol/1) and social class contributed significantly to outcome.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a sample of 102 4th–6th grade urban children of divorce, low to moderate relationships were found between perceived support and child adjustment. This relationship held for several sources of support and across several types of adjustment measures. It was strongest when adjustment was assessed through child self‐ratings. Thus, children of divorce who perceived themselves as having more overall support had lower scores on measures of post‐divorce difficulties, anxiety, and worry, and higher scores on measures of openness about the divorce and positive resources. The relationships found between support and adjustment among children of divorce suggest a potentially useful role for support in developing preventive interventions for such youn

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe impact of group treatment programs on the social skills and peer relations of psychiatrically hospitalized children with disruptive behavior disorders was evaluated. Children assigned to a social‐cognitive skills training group (SCST;n= 36) were matched to children who participated in a social activity group (SA;n= 20). The results indicated significantly greater pre‐post improvements for the SCST than the SA group in child‐reported loneliness, staff sociometric ratings, role‐play performances, andin vivobehavioral observations of individual social skills. Child diagnoses did not differentially effect treatment outcomes. The findings are discussed in the context of training, clinical, and methodologica

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHome movies of eight normal children and eight children later diagnosed as autistic were analysed according to development in sensorimotor and action competencies. The age range covered was from 4 to 42 months of age. From the beginning of the second year of life, the timing and sequence of developmental gains in normal and autistic children show striking differences. One year later the development of the autistic children seems to be not only delayed, but qualitatively different with respect to the more challenging kinds of action outcomes. This is particularly noticeable for action outcomes involving mental representations of the intended outcome

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLife changes and protective factors of 156 enuretic and 170 non‐enuretic 7‐yr‐old children were analysed using the multi‐item Life Change Unit method and psychological examination. Of the single life events, divorce or separation were seen to increase the risk of enuresis. The weighted life change scores were significantly higher for the enuretics than for the controls at age levels of 3, 5 and 6 yrs. Secondary night‐wetting was precipitated by increased life stress, but this was not the case with secondary day‐wetting. Repression showed a predominance in enuretics. A strong ego was found to serve as a protective factor against enuresis under changing lif

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChildren's behaviour questionnaires were completed by parents and teachers for 248 and 266 12‐year old children in Beijing, China, respectively.Compared with studies in other countries, the present study showed that (1) mothers rated children as showing higher frequencies of all behavioural items than did teachers; (2) the ratio of antisocial to neurotic behaviour was higher than the other relevant studies; (3) some items showed sex differences, and these were more marked for teachers than mothers; (4) Chinese boys scored lowest on aggression, but high on psychosomatic symptoms; and (5) difficulties in reading, writing and concentration were positively correlated with teachers' hyperactive–aggressive factor dimension and antisocial subsc

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined “physical” and “psychological” dimensions of disability associated with different DSM‐III disorders in a large sample of 13‐year old adolescents. The measure of disability was based upon the World Health Organization (1980) classification. We found that adolescents with multiple DSM‐III disorders and those with attention deficit and anxiety disorders showed the highest levels of parent perceived disablement; depression and conduct disorder showed the least. In addition, adolescents with any kind of DSM‐III disorder showed a rate of parent‐reported hospitalization twice that of the remainder of the sample. They also had poorer perceived health, as suggested by lower parent and self health ratings than thos

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY