ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, 411 South London males have been followed up from age 8 to age 32. The most important childhood (age 8–10) predictors of delinquency were antisocial child behaviour, impulsivity, low intelligence and attainment, family criminality, poverty and poor parental child‐rearing behaviour. Offending was only one element of a larger syndrome of antisocial behaviour that arose in childhood and persisted into adulthood. Marriage, employment and moving out of London fostered desistance from offending. Early prevention experiments are needed to reduce delinquency, targeting low attainment, poor parenting, impulsivity and pove

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo potentially contrasting hypotheses can be generated about sibling interactions involving a child with Down's syndrome or autism. Research on siblings would predict that learning disabled children adopt responsive roles. Studies of children with autism would predict impoverished interactions. Home observations were conducted on 30 sibling pairs involving children with autism or Down's syndrome. Both hypotheses were partially supported. All learning disabled children engaged in frequent bouts of interaction, usually directed by their sibling. While children with autism engaged in fewer bouts and imitated less, they did reciprocate their siblings' initiations. Sibling encounters provide a unique opportunity for such children to learn about social relationships.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which family cohesion, a functional characteristic of family life, is related to school achievement. It is already established in the international literature that such a relationship does exist between school achievement and a number of structural characteristics of the family, particularly socioeconomic status (SES). Demographic data were collected from all the ninth grade students of two Greek Cypriot high schools, one serving a suburban and the other serving a rural population. The students (N= 391) completed a self report questionnaire that was designed to measure the degree of their family cohesion or the emotional togetherness that they felt existing among the members of their family. It was found that the degree of family cohesion was as able to discriminate them in terms of school achievement as their family's SES. Both variables produced statistically significant differences, in contrast to gender and place of residence (urban vs rural). The results are discussed in relation to the Greek Cypriot family context.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPoor diabetic control was found in nearly 50% of adolescents attending two paediatric clinics. Adolescents with well and poorly controlled diabetes differed in reported parental involvement in their diabetic regime. There was little association between glycaemic control and family functioning using the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) whether rated by adolescent or a parent. Neither did sufferers with diabetes differ from families of matched community controls according to the FAD overall though the families of well controlled diabetics were more likely than the other two groups to score themselves in the unhealthy range on the subscale of global functioning.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhat are the personal characteristics of supported mothers and supporting fathers, in the context of families having disruptive boys? The supportive and unsupportive behaviors of fathers towards mothers (N= 44) were rated by observers in standardized situations. Characteristics of both fathers and mothers were used to predict support: age, education, IQ, reported parental care during childhood, symptoms of distress and marital satisfaction. The joint characteristics of both spouses were better predictors than fathers' or mothers' characteristics alone. Unexpectedly more support and less stress correlated with more unfavorable characteristics of the father compared to the mother for the same marital dyad. Both spouses' reports on parental care were highly predictive of fathers' supportive and unsupportive behaviors towards mothers, whereas higher intellectual abilities of fathers predicted unsupportive behaviors. Results are discussed in relation to marital relations and differences between behavioral versus reported assessments of spouse support.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract462 adolescents were given a set of scales to determine their concerns about eating (under‐eating or over‐eating), and perceptions of family and peer intimacy, social support, self‐esteem, depression and exercise. Although only 10% stated that they were “underweight” and 21% that they were “overweight”, as many as 50% reported having eating concerns. As compared to those who did not have concerns about eating, those who were concerned about undereating felt that they had poorer relationships with their mothers and fathers, less social support, lower self‐esteem and low levels of exercise. In contrast, those who were concerned about overeating perceived having an intimacy problem only with their fathers. Like those concerned about undereating, the group concerned about overeating also had lower self‐esteem and low levels of exercise. But, unlike the under‐eating concern group, the over‐eating concern group scored higher on

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFearful behaviour, fears and worries of young children are central not only to normal development, but also to the development of anxiety disorders. In a community sample, consistency from age 4.5 to 7 years was significant for all measures of behavioural approach/withdrawal, as well as for the degree of reported fears and worries. Observed approach/withdrawal behaviour was not correlated with fears and worries reported by either mothers or children. There were no sex differences in the levels of measures or their consistency, with one exception: maternal reports of worries were less consistent but possibly more valid for girls than for boys. When interviewed at 7 years, girls expressed worries about family members, while boys tended to worry about their own performance.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEight hundred and nine testimonies given by children between the ages of 1 and 16 to the priests of the parish of Rättvik, and to the Royal commission of inquiry, during an outbreak of witch hysteria in 1670–71 are examined. The result implies that the capacity to separate reality from fantasy as well as the tendency to give stereotyped testimonies are related to age, social influence from other children and sex. The results also suggest that the testimonies were influenced by the person investigating the chi

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY