ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01806.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—This study used information processing paradigms to provide a detailed examination of executive function abilities in autism. The performance of non‐retarded autistic children was compared with that of two matched control groups, one with Tourette Syndrome and the other developmentally normal. Autistic subjects performed as well as controls on tasks requiring global‐local processing and inhibition of neutral responses. In contrast to both control groups, however, the autistic sample was significantly impaired on a measure of cognitive flexibility. The performance of children with Tourette Syndrome did not differ from that of normal controls on any task. These results refine our knowledge about executive dysfunction in autism and suggest a new conceptual framework and general method for investigating the cognitive underpinnings of neurodevelopmental diso

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Children with diagnoses of either autism or Asperger's syndrome were matched on measures of verbal mental age with nonautistic control children. They were tested on their abilities to process both facial and nonfacial stimuli. There were no significant differences between the low ability autistic and control groups, but the high ability autistic and Asperger's children performed significantly worse than controls across all tests. Group averages masked substantial individual variation. The results are seen as indicating a general perceptual deficit that is not specific to faces or emotions. This appears to be a common correlate of autism and Asperger's syndrome, rather than a core sympto

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01808.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The relationship between performance on a false belief task and a new task designed to elicit explanations of human action was examined in two experiments. In the first study normal preschoolers' performance on both tasks was significantly correlated. The second experiment included matched groups of autistic, mentally retarded, and older normal children. The autistic subjects were significantly worse than controls at offering mentalistic explanations. Performance on the false belief and the explanation of action tasks was highly correlated for the autistic subjects. These findings are discussed in terms of the relationships between language and theory of min

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The relationship between exposure to parental separation and measures of cognitive ability and school achievement was examined in a birth cohort of New Zealand children studied to the age of 13 years. Children who were exposed to parental separation following the point of school entry had mean test scores that were between. 1 and. 3 standard deviations lower than children who had not been exposed to separation even when due allowance was made for potentially confounding variables. Separation prior to school entry was found to be unrelated to later outcomes after adjustment for confounding factors. There was no evidence to suggest that the effects of separation varied with the child's gender. The association between parental separation after school entry and cognitive test scores was similar for children whose custodial parents remarried and those who did not remarr

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—This study concerns the developing relationship between motor control and looking behaviour in full term (N=15) and pre‐term (N=29) infants during face‐to‐face interaction with the mother at 6, 12 and 18 weeks of corrected age. Infants with inborn errors or major medical complications were excluded. In the pre‐term infants the development of head and arm postures during interaction differed from the full term pattern, especially in infants born before 32 weeks and/or small‐for‐gestational age. The full term infants were more advanced than other infants in the ability to grasp an object. These findings were related to group differences in looking behaviour, suggesting that differences in the development of looking behaviour may be (partly) accounted for by differences in the development of

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—A beginning step in the prevention of child psychopathology is the identification of conditions associated with a disproportionately high incidence of behavior problems. Rutter and colleagues(British Journal of Psychiatry, 1975, 126, 493‐509) have reported a dramatic increase in the probability of child adjustment difficulties as a function of multiple family stressors. However, few investigators have tested this association beginning in infancy. The present investigation examines this relationship at the ages of 1 and 2 with behavioral adjustment at age 3 among 100 low‐income families. Broad support was found for the family adversity hypothesis, though sex differences were evident regarding individual correlates of problem beh

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—This paper examines the life history of a small group of adolescents (3%) who were identified during the course of a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand children as displaying multiple problem behaviours at the age of 15 years. This group was characterised by conduct disorder, police contact, substance abuse behaviours, early onset sexual activity, suicidal ideation, mood disorders and lowered self esteem. Statistical biographies of this group of young people showed that many were the offspring of seriously disadvantaged, dysfunctional and disorganised home environments. The implications of these findings for the understanding and treatment of multiple problem behaviours in adolescence are discusse

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Comorbidity of deviance on eight empirically based syndromes was compared in matched general population and clinical samples of 2, 705 children aged 4‐18, using a bidirectional formula to avoid confounding effects of differential base rates. Syndromes were assessed via parent ratings on the CBCL, teacher ratings on the TRF, and self ratings on the YSR. Significantly higher comorbidity rates were obtained for clinical than general population samples for all 28 pairings of CBCL syndromes, 15 pairings of TRF syndromes, and 22 pairings of YSR syndromes. Bidirectional comorbidity rates for empirically based syndromes were compared to pairings of comparable DSM‐III diag

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY