摘要:

SummaryThe efficacy of reading remediation, which emphasized phonetic decoding, was investigated in children with pure reading disorders, controlling for the influence on non‐specific treatment effects. Sixty‐one children were randomly assigned to receive instruction in reading or in other subjects for four months. Children were re‐evaluated immediately after, and two and eight months after, the cessation of the intervention. At the end of treatment, the children who had received reading remediation obtained significantly higher scores than the controls on all reading tests. Some of the treatment advantages were maintained beyond the treatment period. Results clearly support the efficacy of reading remediation which emphasizes phonetic skills. The study does not address itself to whether this treatment method differs from other remedial interven

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySixty‐six children received individual reading instruction for 18 weeks, in combination with methylphenidate (mean daily dose 44.2 mg/day) or a placebo. Assignment to medication was random and double blind. Children were re‐evaluated at the end of treatment, and two and eight months later.Only occasional and weak methylphenidate effects were obtained on measures of reading performance. Highly significant improvement in some tests of mathematics was found. No treatment differences occurred at follow‐up. The results do not support the hypothesis that the enhancement of attention with stimulant treatment facilitates the acquisition of reading skills in children with pure reading diso

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryData from Rutter's ‘Children's Behaviour’ questionnaire derived from the use of the scale in a developing country suggest that its factor structure is stable over sex and over racial groups. However, when analysis is undertaken on potentially pathological groups, then a more differentiated factor structure is appar

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn 1974 and 1975 over 6000 secondary schoolchildren in an English county answered questionnaires on their smoking behaviour, social activities and attitudes towards various issues. An analysis of the 1974 replies of those children who were present in both years revealed certain factors which were associated with an increased risk of smoking in 1975. The most important factors were the extent of the children's involvement in social activities, the smoking behaviour of their parents, siblings and friends, and their own attitudes and beliefs about smoking. Analysis examining the relationships between these factors further helped to explain the development of smoking among schoolchildren.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOne hundred and forty‐one seven‐year‐old Swedish children took part in an extensive neuropsychiatric study involving total population samples of children who had shown perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in pre‐school, and blindly examined comparison children. The present paper reports on generalized hyper‐kinesis, i.e. hyperactivity in the child in all of three different assessment settings. About a third of children diagnosed according to strict criteria as suffering from ‘Minimal Brain Dysfunction’ showed generalized hyperkinesis. In children without perceptual‐motor deficits, hyperkinesis was very much rarer. A total population frequency for generalized hyperkinesis in the range of 1–3% is reported as probable. Heredity for delayed maturation, non‐optimal pre‐, peri‐ and neonatal factors and adverse psychosocial factors were found to interact in the

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryChildren's emotional responses and coping behavior were observed during pediatric examinations. Facial expressions of emotion were coded every 30 sec. Behavior records were coded according to the APPROACH system; from these, proportions of three categories of coping behavior (Information, Comfort and Autonomy) were calculated. Results showed the effect of age (6–12 months; 18–36 months; 42–60 months) and time period (before, during or after the examination) on children's levels of negative emotion. Use of specific coping categories at each time period varied with age. The data also suggested some contingent relationships between facial emotions and coping categ

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn a controlled study, emergency referrals to a child psychiatric clinic showed increased depressive and suicidal symptomatology and more perceptual abnormalities. There was also more commonly a recent deterioration in the presenting condition. Parents rated themselves as depressed more frequently and there were more problems in the father‐child relationship. There were no significant associations between emergency referrals and ratings of family dysfunction, availability of an extended family or contact with social agencies, but there was a trend towards increased use of the latter by the emergency group. The results highlight the need for early child‐centred psychiatric intervention in a minority of conditions of children and adolesce

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryRadio‐recordings were made of the conversation of 30 girls, aged just under four, at school with their teachers and at home with their mothers. Half the girls were middle class and half working class. The frequency and type of question asked by the children and the frequency and type of answer given by the adults were analysed. Particular attention was paid to passages of persisent questioning by the child. There were home‐school and social class differences in all these measures. The significance of the findings for education is discus

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe incidence of emotional attachment to soft toys and blankets, and sucking habits was studied in two samples of children. Mothers of one sample were interviewed when the children were 1.5, 2 and 2.5 years old, and mothers of the other sample answered questionnaires when their children were 3.5, 5 and 7 years old. Strong emotional attachment to objects, and thumb or finger sucking were most prevalent around 2 years of age. There was a positive association between sucking and attachment to objects at all ages. Clinging, sucking and movement habits merge into one another and serve the same function of easing the transition from waking to sleeping, from high arousal to low arousal.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA case history is given in which a doctor, at the request of solicitors, prepared a court report in relation to access of children. Extracts from counsel's advice and a judgement are quoted which illustrate the need to give prime consideration to the welfare of the children in the preparation of such reports, and that it is proper to refuse to delete references to the children at the behest of solicitors.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY