ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA study was made of the “cognitive demands” made of children during spontaneous conversations with their teachers at nursery school and their mothers at home. Social class differences were small compared with home/school differences. Teachers' talk contained a higher proportion of cognitive demands and “testing” demands than did mothers' talk; however, the hourly rate of these demands was higher in the mothers' talk. Teachers used more demands for attributes, simple descriptions and interpretations, whilst mothers used more demands for recall and explanation of motives and purposes, More demands were left unanswered at school than at home. The implications for nursery education are di

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTriadic interactions between mother, pre‐school age first‐born, and 14‐month‐old second‐born siblings were studied in 40 families as part of a longitudinal study using home observations. Interaction between mother and second‐born exerted an important influence tin the behaviour of the first‐born; individual differences in the response of the first‐born children were associated with differences in temperament of the first child, their reaction to the sibling birth, and with the sex of the sibling dyad. The age gap between siblings and die sex of sibling dyad influenced the time mother and second‐born spent in interaction and the quality of

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA total population study of 4797 six‐year‐old children attending the public pre‐schools in the city of Göteborg (Gothenburg) has been carried out. A questionnaire with 34 questions about MBD‐related problems was distributed to all pre‐school teachers. Three thousand four hundred and forty‐eight questionnaires were completed. Factor analysis of the questionnaire and empirical results from a pilot study provided the basis for selecting for further study children with pre‐school signs and symptoms suggestive of MBD. Neurological, psychiatric and psychological assessment of 82 children with, and 59 children without, pre‐school symptoms of MBD revealed that in the index groups 41% of the children, and in the control group 3% of the children, had MBD. Extrapolation procedures gave a total population frequency of 1.2% with severe MBD and a further 5.9% with mild‐moderate MBD. A very large questionnaire refusal rate (28%) is discussed. The relevance of the calculated frequency figures, especially as regards the mild‐moderate MBD category, cannot be properly evaluated until long‐term follow

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn two studies, photographs of facial expressions of normal and Down's syndrome infants were viewed by mothers who recognized discrete emotions and reported regularities in caregiving associated with these emotions. Stimulating interactions were reported more frequently for high intensity expressions than for low intensity expressions. While these regularities held for both groups of infants, high intensity expressions were less frequent in the Down's group. The biological mothers of Down's infants seemingly compensated by reporting more stimulating interventions in response to their infants' low intensity expressions. Mothers who were unfamiliar with both groups of infants did not evidence this compensatory adjustment.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYCoping ability was assessed in 12‐ and 18‐month‐old premature and full‐term children, using an experimental barrier situation consisting of a double fence of boards and boxes which the child had to remove to reach the center. No term differences were found for the 12‐month‐old children: the task was too difficult for them. The term differences found at 18 months indicated that the prematures rested more and tended to smile more than did full‐terms. The most dramatic finding was that only 4 of the 17 children who completed the task were premature. None of the findings for the 18‐month‐old children were relate

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTwelve XXY boys identified at birth in a population screening study were followed up at a mean age of 16.7 yr and compared with a control group of chromosomally normal boys matched for age and social class. Assessment of personality and psycho‐sexual development showed the XXY boys to be more timid and less self‐confident and to have more problems in relating to their peer group than the controls.They also showed some evidence of delayed or impaired development of sexual interest. In general, the differences were not marked.Possible causes for these differences and potential methods of preventing them are discus

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYNew data on retest reliabilities for three temperament questionnaires for children were obtained with independent samples. The results showed a general level of retest reliability which was comparable to that of most temperament studies.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed in this article:Scientific Foundations of Developmental Psychiatry.Edited by MichaelRutter.

ISSN:0021-9630    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY