摘要:

ABSTRACTConversational samples were obtained from 57 children aged from 8 to 12 years with specific language impairment, and 67 control children aged from 4 to 12 years. Fourteen of the language‐impaired children fitted the clinical description of semantic‐pragmatic disorder. It was found that exchange structure, turntaking, conversational repair and use of cohesive devices could be assessed with adequate inter‐rater and test‐retest reliability. Children with semantic‐pragmatic disorder produced more initiations than other children. Some of these children also violated turntaking rules by interrupting the conversational partner to an unusual degree. Use of cohesion was normal for children with semantic‐pragmatic disorder, but limited in other language‐impaired children. Analysis of conversations may be more useful than conventional language tests for identifying linguistic abnormalities in children with semantic‐pra

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909019889

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIndependent raters scanned transcribed conversations from 57 language‐impaired children and 67 control children aged from 4 to 12 years and identified instances where the normal flow of conversation appeared to be disrupted because the child's utterance was in some way inappropriate. It was found that adequate inter‐rater reliability could be obtained using this procedure. Furthermore, test‐retest correlations for inappropriacy were significant, indicating that this is a stable conversational characteristic. The measure of inappropriacy decreased with age in control children, and it distinguished language‐impaired from control children. Those identified as having ‘semantic‐pragmatic disorder’ obtained particularly high scores. In a subsidiary analysis, inappropriate responses were subcategorised. A wide range of semantic, syntactic and pragmatic peculiarities was identified as leading to a sense of inappropriacy. Some instances of inappropriacy appeared to indicate cognitive rather than linguistic difficulties. Children with semantic‐pragmatic disorder resembled younger normal children in that they frequently misunderstood the literal or implicit meaning of adult utterances and they violated normal rules of exchange structure. In other respects, however, the semantic‐pragmatic group did not resemble normally developing children of any age. In particular, they tended to provide the listener with too much or too l

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909019890

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the assessment of communication skills in 120 adults with severe to moderate learning difficulties. Each subject was assessed on the Communication Assessment Profile (CASP), a new communication assessment procedure for use with this client group. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were made between three different methods of assessment used in CASP. These included observational assessment, elicited conversation and a structured language task. The relative usefulness of each method was evaluated, and the implications for communication assessment outlined.

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909019891

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to improve the comprehension of single items in a subject with global aphasia. Existing models of semantic organisation were used to inform and guide the treatment programme. Detailed pre‐therapy testing suggested a severe comprehension deficit with an inability to obtain a precise semantic specification of the items, irrespective of modality of input. A category‐specific hierarchical treatment programme including generic and specific details about items was implemented through various exercises and drills. Post‐therapy testing revealed a significant improvement on treated and untreated items of treated categories but limited generalisation to items in untreated categories. Improvement in the subject's general semantic abilities was also documented following treatment. The results, which are shown to be a direct consequence of the intervention programme, lend support to the categorical and hierarchical view of the organisation of semantics and provide a basis for future rehabilitation studies in this

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909019892

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the size of the speech and language‐disabled population in the United Kingdom by client groups and attempts to determine (1) those for whom speech therapy might be appropriate, (2) what pattern and level of speech therapy is appropriate and (3) how many speech therapists are required to provide this pattern and level of speech therapy. It is concluded that under present patterns of speech therapy provision, approximately 26 qualified speech therapists may be required per 100 000 population. However, it is argued that speech therapy may be trying to do too much and may be venturing into areas in which little, if anything, is known about its effectiveness. In conclusion, the paper argues that solutions to the current problems of speech therapy provision must come from the demand and the supply sides of the speech therapy service. The importance of treatment evaluation and further knowledge about patterns of spontaneous recovery are also discusse

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909019893

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTUnintelligible speech in childhood is often characterised by the use of unusual or deviant (i.e. non‐developmental) phonological processes, e.g. initial consonant deletion. These processes are reported to appear at speech onset and to undergo little spontaneous change during the preschool years. The study reported here documents the changes that occurred in the phonological systems of seven phonologically disordered children during remediation that targeted unusual phonological processes. Qualitative changes in phonological process use were observed for all children. Six of the children made quantitative improvement in terms of the percentage consonants produced correctly in spontaneous speech. Individual differences in phonological learning strategy use are describe

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909019894

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Language Development in Exceptional Circumstances: Edited by Dorothy Bishop and Kay MogfordLanguage and Communication in Mentally Handicapped People: Edited by Michael Beveridge, Gina Conti‐Ramsden and Ivan LeudarThe Education of People with Profound and Multiple Handicaps: Resource Materials for Staff Training: By J. SebbaHuman Cognitive Neuropsychology: By Andrew W. Ellis and Andrew W. YoungClinical Linguistics: By David CrystalCleft Palate: The Nature and Remediation of Communication Problems: Edited by Jackie Stengelhof

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682828909019895

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY