ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827509011278

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt is hypothesised that a stutter is a false alarm, or superfluous correction response to speech feedback signals, such that the overt behavioural response is the repetition of a speech unit. The experiment attempts to elicit stuttering in normals by setting up two conditions, anxiety and divided attention, in which false alarms in any perceptual‐motor task would be predicted. The divided attention condition does increase stutters. The anxiety condition does not increase stutters, but increases the probability of a speech error being corrected, indicating that anxiety directs attention to speech feedback. Auditory masking reduces stutters in all conditions, demonstrating the crucial role of auditory feedback in normal as well as in pathological speech disfluencies. The distribution of elicited stutters is analogous to the distribution of false alarms in orthodox signal detection experiment

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827509011279

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPalilalia, a disorder of speech characterised by compulsive repetition of a phrase or word, is not a rare phenomenon but is seldom mentioned in modern literature. This paper describes two patients, mother and son, affected by palilalia. Both patients had bilateral lesions affecting the basal ganglia and the grey matter of the hemispheres. In these cases as in others described in the literature, palilalia is felt to be due to bilateral lesions and to represent the speech counterpart of other motor phenomena such as festination or chorea.

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827509011280

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFor many years the principles of Delayed Auditory Feedback (D.A.F.) have been utilised: (a) in test for investigating non‐organic hearing problems and (b) as a therapeutic aid to increase the oral fluency of stutterers.With reference to (a) above, if D.A.F. is to be of true value as a test for providing definitive information about the normality or otherwise, of a subject's auditory thresholds, then it is desirable that any subjective judgments of the effects on a person's voice, should be replaced by a quantifiable measure.It has been suggested that timing the reading of a passage may be useful for this purpose. Another approach is to measure the effects on the intensity of a subject's voice. A procedure was devised by the author to assess the value, if any, of the latter two measurements on a sample of 25 normally hearing subjects and on two cases with suspected non‐organic hearing problems. A very clear pattern emerged for all the cases tested. It was found that if a relatively long delay time of two‐thirds of a second was used, then at feedback levels in excess of 60 dB, a very marked effect could be detected on the subject's voice level, and furthermore, the voice increased progressively as the intensity of the feedback signal was increased. Although it would appear logical that this should be the case, here the magnitude of the effect was being scrutinised.The author believes that such measurements of the effects of D.A.F. on a subject's voice level might provide useful indications to the integrity of a subject's speech feedback loop. This may be of diagnostic significance when investigating the monitoring systems of stutterers and patients with various voice disorders.At delay times as long as two‐thirds of a second, the Lombard Voice Reflex, and the effects of D.A.F. will interact in a complex way, and the resulting experience may be more beneficial to stutterers than either of the more familiar methods of (1) administering D.A.F. at shorter delay times or (2) masking a stutterer's voice with an external source of noise.Brief discussion of the terminology used to describe non‐organic hearing problems; the studies of the effects of D.A.F. on stutterers; and the Lombard Voice Reflex is

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827509011281

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryInefficient performance on auditory‐visual tests of intersensory integration is thought to be a sensitive indicator of certain specific types of cerebral dysfunction which cannot be detected by standard neurological examination. The present study was designed to assess the proficiency of fluent speakers and stutterers at matching auditory‐temporal (tapping) patterns with visual‐spatial (dot) displays. A modification of the Birch and Belmont test of auditory‐visual integration was administered to twenty pairs of matched stutterers and fluent speakers. Results indicated that the stutterers' performance on this particular intersensory integration task was significantly lower than that of their fluent peers. This finding was interpreted as supporting the theory that the cortical organisation of stutterers might somehow be different from and less efficient than that of fluent speakers. Stutterers would seem to possess some type of specific neurological dysfunction which prevents or interferes with their ability to perform efficiently in receptive functions such as intersensory integration as well as in the expressive skill of fluent speech pro

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827509011282

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper presents data concerned with the characteristics and progress of eleven children with severe receptive language difficulties attending a residential special school. Observations and standardised test results were obtained relating to hearing and listening behaviour, social adjustment, motor co‐ordination, visual‐spatial and sequencing skills, non‐verbal intelligence and language behaviour. In general the reliability of the measurements employed appeared to be reasonably satisfactory.All the children were impaired in listening skills and had difficulties in language acquisition, but in other respects they showed a wide range of individual problems. Improvement was measured by means of test‐retest analyses. Those children who gained higher initial ratings in listening behaviour, language ability and social adjustment made more progress in language development. However in spite of very favourable teaching conditions the progress made by this sample of children in spoken language acquisition during the period of the study was generally ver

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827509011283

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827509011284

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper describes the application of linguistic principles in the treatment of a case of long‐standing severe dysphasia who had previously failed to make any progress with expressive speech ability despite intensive therapy. It could thus be considered that the patient was acting as his own “control” (Sefer 1973). This seems to be an interesting case in that, as the linguistic analysis indicates, while there seems to have been some delayed spontaneous recovery in vocabulary and morphology, sentence structure always followed the patterns t

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827509011285

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Ventilatory and Phonatory Control Systems. Ed. Barry Wyke, OUPMental Handicap. A brief guide. By Brian Kirman.Language Perspectives — Acquisition, Retardation, and Intervention. E

ISSN:1368-2822    

DOI:10.3109/13682827509011286

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY