摘要:

The authors give particulars of recent State action in Germany and France for the standardization of electric supply tariffs.Typical stages of domestic electrification in Germany and Britain are compared with the cost of the supply to consumers.German practice in regard to hire-purchase of apparatus, account collections, and undertakers' rate commitments, is discussed.Current tariff practice in Great Britain is reviewed, with its results to date and the probable interaction between charges and load growth. Consideration is given to the extent to which a unification of charging methods could be applied without restricting the competition between electricity and other forms of heat energy for use in the home, the probable extent of this application in the future, and its relative importance in relation to the magnitude and costs of public supply.

DOI:10.1049/jiee-1.1939.0212

出版商:IEE    

年代:1939

数据来源: IET

摘要:

After an Introduction setting out the general problem of atmospheric pollution in relation to transmission-line insulators, the authors deal in Part I with the development of a saline-deposit test for such insulators. The production in the laboratory of wind and of salt spray is discussed, and a comparison is drawn between natural and artificial dew formation. Means of judging the severity of dew formation and of deposit formation are described, and standard tests outlined. An account is given of the various types of insulators tested and of their behaviour under test.Part II of the paper is devoted to an investigation of the possibility of protecting insulator surfaces from industrial and saline deposits. The protective action of a cylinder, and of a cylinder and disc in combination, are examined, and a description follows of the design and performance of a 33-kV insulator embodying a cylinder and a disc.In Part III the authors describe an inquiry into the formation of industrial deposits under natural conditions. Visual observations have been made of the deposit formation on insulators hung from a gantry on the roof of a laboratory in East London, and the leakage-current variations due to changes in weather conditions have been measured by a special form of recorder. The test-results obtained on different insulator types are compared, and some interesting conclusions are drawn from the discharges observed on the insulators during bad weather.

DOI:10.1049/jiee-1.1939.0217

出版商:IEE    

年代:1939

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The present work gives the results of measurements of the temperature variation of the dielectric constant, loss angle, and conductivity, of a sample of chemically pure glycolphthalate resin. The effects of known amounts of impurity are investigated. It is shown that the conductivity obeys accurately an inverse exponential law of temperature. The dielectric constant and loss angle follow qualitatively, but not quantitatively, the Debye equations for a polar material. The cause of this discrepancy is discussed, and a resume given of the behaviour of other types of polar material, of which six classes seem to be distinguishable.A brief indication is given of seven possible modifications of the Debye theory, not involving a distribution of relaxation times, which have been investigated and shown to be unsatisfactory. It is concluded that a distribution of relaxation times is, of those considered, the only possible hypothesis consistent with observation, and a quantitative expression for the loss angle is worked out and shown to agree well with observed data. The results show that the viscosity to dipole rotation follows the same law of temperature variation as the d.c. resistivity.Appendices give the method of preparation of the chemically pure resin; the circuit of a 50-kc/sec. bridge which has been found simple and convenient for this work; and the computation of an integral which occurs in the prediction of the loss angle and seems not to have been previously computed.

DOI:10.1049/jiee-1.1939.0222

出版商:IEE    

年代:1939

数据来源: IET

摘要:

Two new methods of measurement in alternating-current networks are described. Each method involves the use of a cathode-ray oscillograph, together with a precision-type phaseshifting transformer, a calibrated potential divider, and amplifying equipment. One, a null method, is capable of very high accuracy. The other, although not capable of the same degree of accuracy, has certain definite advantages. It is particularly useful, for instance, in the analysis of networks containing elements with variable parameters, and in the investigation of transient phenomena in networks.The manner of operation of the measuring equipment is illustrated by a series of photographic records.

DOI:10.1049/jiee-1.1939.0223

出版商:IEE    

年代:1939

数据来源: IET

DOI:10.1049/jiee-1.1939.0226

出版商:IEE    

年代:1939

数据来源: IET