ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/mst.1990.6.10.917

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/026708390790189588

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe evolution that has taken place in the teaching of metallurgy and material science in the UK is traced from the 1930s to the present day. The golden age of physical metallurgy was the 1950s and the following decade concentrated on the more broadly based materials science. Since that time there has been a move towards bringing together materials science and engineering. Despite the much discussed demographic down-turn, there appears to be a healthy increase in the number of young people seeking higher education and there is a greater awareness in the schools of the importance of materials. Future trends in the teaching of materials science are identified, including the desire to move towards four year courses. Our greater involvement with Europe will bring with it additional challenges. Radical changes in funding are in the pipeline and some of the implications of this are discussed.MST/1311

ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/026708390790189489

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA short account is given of educational developments in materials science in the USA which have led to the introduction of more broadly based courses, interdisciplinary studies, and stronger links with industry. The objectives of Materials Research Laboratories, which do not themselves seek industrial funding, is contrasted with the new Materials Research Centers which actively seek industrial participation and finance. Such developments have features in common with the Interdisciplinary Research Centres currently being established in the UK. Finally, a tribute is paid to the many contributions made by Sir Alan Cottrell to education in the materials field.MST/1312

ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/026708390790189524

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe lecture on which this paper is based was presented at the Birmingham meeting on 8 December 1989 to mark the year of Sir Alan Cottrell's 70th birthday. The paper aims to relate the early foundations laid in part by Sir Alan to the recent award to The University of Birmingham of the Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IRC) in Materials for High Performance Applications. The significance of one of Sir Alan's main interests, the application of dislocation concepts to important materials, is illustrated by examining some recent work on melt spun Al alloys and on Ti based metal matrix composites. This work has been carried out in the School of Metallurgy and Materials at Birmingham and is illustrative of much of the current microstructural work in the School.MST/1313

ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/026708390790189623

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAs long ago as 1919 (the year Sir Alan Cottrell was born) Sir Oliver Lodge, the first principal of The University of Birmingham presented a remarkable prescient account of the potential of nuclear power. However, he could not have predicted that a mere 20 years later, in that university, Peierls and Frisch would begin to lay the foundations with their calculation that the critical mass of235U was only of the order of 1 kg. It is generally the case that work in the field of pure physics leads to the initiating discovery; metallurgy follows with the development of the resultant technology. In this paper, it is illustrated how the shortage of suitable materials (and facilities) forced the UK to follow a route which would lead to the development of gas cooled reactors.MST/1314

ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/026708390790189632

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractOne of the most remarkable achievements in physical metallurgy occurred right at the start of the Civil Nuclear Reactor Programme when Alan Cottrell first predicted, then demonstrated,‘irradiation’or‘Cottrell’creep of uranium. This had immediate practical consequences because a Magnox reactor with uranium fuel was already operating at Calder Hall and it was found that the fuel elements were indeed deforming to an unacceptable extent owing to Cottrell creep. This deformation is a type of Newtonian flow, and other examples were found to occur in the fuel elements. In particular, the magnesium can components deformed by Nabarro–Herring creep; this was the first identification of this fundamental deformation mode occurring in an engineering component. Newtonian flow is also induced if a small load is applied to uranium while it is thermally cycled through itsα–βphase change. This is a consequence of the volume changes that take place during the allotropic transformation. Volume changes also occur during nuclear and chemical changes (particularly corrosion reactions in this context) leading to the generation of stress and these processes are now known to be of great importance in the development and performance of the fuel element and other reactor components.MST/1315

ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/026708390790189515

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA brief account is given of the development stages of graphite moderators for Magnox and advanced gas cooled reactors. The accident at Windscale in 1957 brought to worldwide attention the importance of irradiation damage in graphite and the consequent storage of Wigner energy. In spite of the Windscale setback, preparations for the civil programme of Magnox reactors went ahead apace. While good collaboration between the CEGB and UKAEA Harwell was the general rule, there were times when disagreement occurred and Alan Cottrell was asked to play the role of moderator (hence the title of this account). Some of the background to the disastrous Dungeness B tender is presented. In spite of all the difficulties and uncertainties, the graphite in UK reactors has performed well. In all cases, as far as the author is aware, the behaviour of the graphite moderators will not prevent design life being achieved.MST/1316

ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/026708390790189506

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractNuclear reactions result in inert gas bubbles appearing in the microstructure of metals and alloys and this can have a profound influence on, for example, mechanical properties. For this reason, bubbles have been extensively studied within the nuclear industry and much progress has been made in understanding their behaviour. However, significant advances have also been made within academia. It has been shown previously that Brownian motion of gas bubbles does indeed occur on annealing, leading to bubble coarsening. There have been examples where the pressure inside the bubbles has been so high that the atoms become so close together that the‘gas’takes on some of the properties of a solid. In such circumstances, the rate of migration of the bubbles is greatly diminished. The development of bubble growth mechanism maps is described.MST/1317

ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/026708390790189597

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe future development of advanced engineered materials for structural, electrical, magnetic, catalytic, and other applications will depend to an increasing extent on improved control of the size, distribution, and morphology of the constituent phases of the materials. In advanced materials systems, this development is in the direction of diminishing scale and increasing uniformity of the structure, extending into the nanoscale regime. The capabilities for synthesising novel nanophase structures are now becoming available in the laboratory and efforts are being made to scale up these processes to produce the quantities required for prototype development, field testing, and commercial applications. This paper addresses the scientific and technical issues relating to the chemical processing of nanophase WC–Co composite powders and the integration of the various processing steps into a new spray conversion processing technology. The new technology involves three coordinated steps: preparation and mixing of starting solutions; spray drying to form chemically homogeneous precursor powders; and fluid bed thermochemical conversion of the precursor powders to nanophase WC–Co powders. Both spray drying and fluid bed conversion are proven scalable technologies and offer the potential for producing bulk quantities of cemented carbide powders at lower manufacturing cost.MST/1318

ISSN:0267-0836    

DOI:10.1179/026708390790189641

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor