摘要:

This study describes the effect of sunlight on α‐ and γ‐isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in aqueous media with or without soil fulvic acid (SFA). Under identical conditions, in distilled water alone, the α‐HCH degrades at a slightly slower rate than the γ‐isomer. The rates of disappearance of α‐ and Y‐HCH are nearly identical in high and low concentrations of SFA solutions. The rate of depletion of these isomers is seasonal dependent. A possible conversion of the γ‐isomer to the α‐form to a small extent is indicated.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528209375035

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of broad spectrum ultraviolet (UV) light on γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in aqueous solutions with or without chlorine was investigated. γ‐HCH (lindane) was found to degrade mainly to hexane insoluble products more easily in the presence of chlorine than in the absence of chlorine. Further, the γ‐HCH isomer was found to isomerize to the α‐conformer whether chlorine was present or not. When an aqueous solution of lindane was irradiated with UV‐light for 105 hr in the absence of chlorine, about 44–45% of the residual sample was found to contain the α‐isomer. The presence of the α‐isomer was detected by gas chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528209375036

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528209375037

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Data on the carcinogenicity and AmesSalmonellatest muta‐genicity were compiled for 671 organic chemicals reported to be potential air pollutants. Development of the data base entailed an evaluation of published reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity test results available in the open literature. Criteria were established for classifying the chemicals as recognized carcinogens, suspected carcinogens, tumor promoters or cocarcinogens, and mutagens or suspected mutagens. Confirmation of chemicals as ambient air pollutants was attempted only for the chemicals classified into a category of potential carcinogenicity other than unknown. Primary and secondary literature sources were searched for the reported detection of the chemicals as ambient air pollutants. This work resulted in the classification of 77 air pollutants as potential human carcinogens, as demonstrated by the categorization of 25 air pollutants as recognized carcinogens, 20 air pollutants as suspected carcinogens, 15 air pollutants as tumor promoters/cocarcinogens, and 50 air pollutants as mutagens or suspected mutagens. For 17 of the 50 air pollutants classified as mutagens or suspected mutagens, no adequate positive carcino‐genicity data were found. No evidence of mutagenicity determined by the Ames test was found for seven of the 25 recognized carcinogens or for nine of the 20 suspected carcinogens.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528209375038

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528209375039

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Treated municipal sewage sludge at 0, 11.2, 33.6, and 67.2 metric tons/ha was applied each year for two consecutive years and incorporated into a Byler loam soil (Typic Fragiudalf) having an initial pH of 5.6. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.) was grown in replicated plots (6.1m × 4.6m). Soil samples were taken at 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm depth at the end of each year and analyzed for DTPA‐extractable Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ni. Surface soil exhibited significant increases in heavy metal concentrations in the first year at the 67.2 metric tons/ha rates. Heavy metal concentrations increased with continued sludge application. However, this increase was not in proportion to the amount of sludge applied suggesting some immobilization of metals with time. After two years, downward movement and significant increases in Cu, Zn, and Ni levels were noted at the 20 to 40 cm depth at the higher rates. Heavy metal levels in the surface soil did not appear to be phytotoxic as judged from sorghum grain and dry matter yields and comparisons with other similar studies. Sludge applications had little effect on soil pH.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528209375040

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

OZONE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER, R. G. Rice and M. E. Browning. Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, NJ, USA xi plus 371 p. $32 hardback

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528209375041

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528209375034

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor