摘要:

Immission‐ and emission‐measurements of heavy metals from aerosols with energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry has two advantages: it is a multielement analysis (for Z 12=Mg up to U) and the method works without the destruction of the samples. This work describes comparative measurements of the exposure of car passengers, public transport users and cyclists to heavy metals on their way to work (Bremen, FRG). It is shown that for most elements the relative quote of inhalable particles is higher inside cars than in the ambient air of the other transport modes. A comparison of concentrations in cars with and without air condition shows that the use of air conditioning leads to still higher concentrations of fine particles, especially of lead and copper due to the separation of coarse particles in the ventilation system of cars.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375510

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The mean Br/Pb ratio in Cairo street dust is 0.23 (raw data), or 0.395 (Pb background corrected), resp. It is calculated that 60–70% of the Pb found in city center dust are traffic‐related, the remainder is due to industrial emissions.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375511

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Previous investigations established that elementary and high school students residing in Reading, Massachusetts, displayed significantly higher blood pressure than their counterparts in the adjacent community of Stoneham, Massachusetts. Extensive evaluations of family history, dietary patterns, socio‐demographic variables and chemical measurements of drinking water revealed that the level of sodium in the drinking water was the variable most strongly associated with the higher blood pressure of the Reading students. A subsequent study, in which a group of Reading fifth graders’ families was given Stoneham water for all drinking and cooking purposes for a three month period., indicated that female but not male students displayed a significant decrease in their blood pressure.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375512

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to identify the accumulation of mutagens and/or promutagens in fish using the AmesSalmenella/mammalian microsome assay. The fish were taken from four different collection sites in Northeast Tennessee area: Watauga Lake, Boone Lake, the Nolichucky River, and the Holston River. A gross autopsy vas performed on each fish; this autopsy consisted of recording weight, length, age, sex, and the physical condition of the various fish organs. Each fish (whole body) was extracted using ultra‐pure Z‐propanol as the solvent.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375513

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of an intratracheal inoculation of graded doses of coal fly ash were investigated in the lungs of rats. Animals exposed to increasing concentrations of the dust did not significantly increase the wet and dry weight of lungs. Collagen contents of lungs, estimated as hydroxyproline, increased significantly with lapse in time and was dependent on the dust concentration used. The dust produced a marked macrophage response in the alveoli and a thickening of the interalveolar septa, due to cellular infiltration and proliferation of argyrophilic fibres. Irrespective of the amount of dust injected, foci of dust laden macrophages were present in the mediastinal lymph nodes at all time periods. In the bronchoalveolar lavage the number of cells increased very significantly with an increase in the amount of fly ash injected. Increase in the cellular constituents of the bronchoalveolar lavage was associated with a statistically significant increase in the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity and protein, contents. The data obtained suggest a dose‐related toxicity of fly ash on lungs.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375514

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A novel, inexpensive passive sampler consisting of a small vial with a glass insert containing a carbonaceous sorbent and sealed with an open top screw cap containing a glass fibre draft shield was designed. The analytical method allowedin situextraction (carbon disulfide) and manual or automated withdrawal of an extract aliquot directly from the sampler for determination of airborne organics. Method detection limits better than 2 mg/m3‐ h were found both in controlled exposures to five hydrocarbons and with selected chlorinated and simple hydrocarbons in seven day field exposures. Triplicate determinations showed a precision better than 7% RSD for two and eight hour exposures to propylbenzene, decane, butylbenzene, tridecane and octylbenzene at 2 mg/m3under controlled conditions. The sampling rates determined experimentally for eight hour exposures were 19 to 43 % higher than those estimated from sampler dimensions and diffusion coefficients for the first four compounds. Probably due to incomplete va‐porization of octylbenzene, its experimental sampling rate was about 65% of the estimated value. The feasibility of the method was supported by concurrent field measurements obtained with the miniature sampler and the 3M OVM 3500 badge. The same chlorinated and simplehy‐drocarbons at ug/m3levels were detected by both methods.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375515

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The removal of Pb(II) is dependent of contact time, concentration, pH and temperature, of the solution. The various rate parameters of adsorption, have been determined at different concentrations and temperatures for the present system. An empirical model has been tested to understand the kinetics of Pb(II) removal at different concentrations. The pore diffusion is mainly rate controlling step. The Langmuir isotherm has been applied to find out the adsorption parameters involved in the present adsorption process. The isosteric heat of adsorption has been determined at different surface coverages of the adsorbent. The negative value of enthalpy change (? H= ‐7.269 Kcal mol‐1) suggests the exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The activation energy has been determined and found to be ‐8.533 Kjoules. The various thermodynamic parameters have been calculated to understand the clear mechanism involved in the adsorption process.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375516

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of presence of several ions as competing ions during the adsorption process of copper, zinc, zirconium, selenium and strontium on river‐mud has been studied. The effect of concentration of competing ions on their competitive efficiencies has been concluded. The competitive efficiencies of the ions studied here have been compared and arranged.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375517

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ozone decomposition in water in the presence of different salts has been studied. The stability of ozone varies depending on the salt nature and the pH.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375518

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

THE ENVIRONMENT OF LIFE, by Colin Tudge, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1988, 248p, Hardback, $35.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528909375519

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor