ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374939

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This report describes the management employed in the operations of an analytical laboratory. The organizational structure which is necessary for operating a laboratory involved in methods development as well as routine analyses is described. The tools used for operational control, such as status sheets, work order forms and flow diagrams are presented. The managerial precepts for methods development are specified and the implementation of these precepts is described. It is intended that this report will assist others in the structuring, implementing and controlling of laboratory operations.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374940

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The range of application of static headspace‐gas chromatography to the EPA priority pollutants is examined by calculating theoretical distribution coefficients from vapor pressure and aqueous solubility data reported in the literature. The estimated headspace gas concentrations are then compared to instrument detection limits for flame ionization, Hall electrolytic conductivity, and electron capture detectors to provide a guide to the chromatographer who desires to determine several priority pollutants at 5 μg/l or higher concentrations with the headspace technique.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374941

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A general procedure for the headspace analysis of volatile organic pollutants in water is examined in detail. Theoretical and practical considerations are discussed in depth. The experimental demonstration of the method is applied to the analysis of μg/l concentrations of methyl chloride, ethyl chloride and vinyl chloride. Details of field sampling, calibration, analysis, aliquot transfer and standard preparation are all addressed.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374942

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A methodology based on microextraction, i.e., a one‐step extraction in which the ratio of solvent:wastewater ranged from 1:40 to 1:100, is described for the analysis of priority pollutant volatile aromatics, phthalates, polynuclear aromatics, and phenols. The use of this method for extracting relatively non‐polar analytes is justified from both a theoretical and a practical viewpoint. Results obtained during an EPA verification analysis of a variety of industrial process waters and effluents are discussed with respect to precision, percent recoveries of analytes, specific analytical problems encountered, and the potential for extending this approach to other compound classes.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374943

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Various effects on extraction efficiencies when using a micro‐extraction technique to extract benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o‐xylene from water into pentane were studied. The effects of sample to solvent ratio (20:1 and 100:1), salting out with sodium sulfate, and the presence of other organic substances in the matrix were all evaluated.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374944

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A large number of aqueous samples collected from process and effluent streams of the organic chemicals industry were analyzed by 3 laboratories using atomic absorption spectrophotometry for 13 trace elements on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) list of 129 priority pollutants. The digestion procedures used to prepare the samples for analysis differed slightly in each laboratory. In two of the participating laboratories, sample preparation procedures were designed to recover metal species soluble in hot nitric acid, i.e., metals which are present in the sample primarily in the ionic state. One laboratory used digestion techniques aimed at the recovery of “total” metals, i.e., both metals which are in the ionic state and metals which are covalently bound in organic molecules. Recovery of covalently bound metals requires more rigorous digestion conditions, which can result in losses of ionic metals during sample preparation.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374945

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Complex matrices may occur in product process waste streams that can interfere with gas Chromatographic analysis of priority pollutants. Most interferences can be eliminated by simple column clean‐up procedures, pH change, direct aqueous analysis, or the use of selective detectors. Other interferences may require clean—up by molecular weight distribution, separation by capillary columns, or the use of pre‐columns and back‐flushing techniques. This paper suggests logical steps to follow when encountering these interferences.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374946

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The implementation of the 1977 Clean Water Act requires the development of guidelines for the control of specific toxic pollutants in industrial discharges. To meet this mandate, new analytical procedures have been required to determine the presence or absence of trace organic and inorganic materials in a wastewater matrix. The quantitation of the compounds of interest has also required the development of quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) programs that provide data on the precision and accuracy of the analytical results.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374947

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528009374938

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor