摘要:

Liquid flow from disposal sites can be prevented by drying the site much below the minimal dryness attained by drainage into wells and drains. Evaporation in any site can achieve the degree of dryness necessary for Class I and II landfill flow rates. Liquids will evaporate into air drawn through the site. The air flow would also supply oxygen and increase waste degradation rates. The extracted air can be scrubbed inexpensively, effectively, and safely by soil beds.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528709375350

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A simplified model of the WATWR QUALITY INDEX (WQI) technique is applied to classify and zone Al‐Jaysh Canal in Baghdad used for irrigation, livestock drinking and preservation of fish and aquatic life.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528709375351

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study assessed the ability of Dorset sheep erythrocytes, a model with a G‐6‐PD deficiency, to predict potential hemolytic responses of human G‐6‐PD deficient erythrocytes to five pharmaceutical agents (i.e. alpha‐naphthol, menadione, primaguine, phenacetin, and quinidine HCl). The sheep erythrocyte responses showed a high concordance with the human responses. The only lack of predictive accuracy was a false negative prediction for the bioactivated metabolites of phenacetin which were positive in the human metabolization system. When these results are combined with earlier published findings with seven additional drugs with a collective total of 22 direct intermodel comparisons, the sheep accurately predicted 11 of 11 non‐hemolytic responses in the human system and 8 of 11 potential hemolytic responses. These results suggest that the sheep model has considerable predictive utility with a tendency toward false negatives but not false positive predictions.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528709375352

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two hundred and sixteen male Sprague‐Dawley (S‐D) rats, 80 ± 5 days old and weighing 220–250 g each, were assigned at random to nine groups of 24 rats each. Rats were injected with cadmium (Cd) intraperitoneally every 3 days for 29 days for a total of nine injections. Injections doses were 0, 1.0, or 2.5 mg Cd kg−1body weight. Twenty‐four hours after the last Cd injection (day 30), each rat received an acute whole‐body60Co gamma radiation dose of 0, 3.62, or 5.43 Gray (Gy) at a dose rate of 3.304 Gy min‐1. Eight rats from each of 9 groups were sacrificed on day 1, 7, or 21. High dose radiation administered 24 hours following the last dosage of Cd caused significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels, whereas high dose cadmium caused the enzyme to be significantly depressed. When Cd and radiation were used as the co‐insult, the combination of high Cd‐high radiation was more effective than either cadmium or radiation alone, suggesting a previously reported cadmium metal protection against the radiation. Although the precise mechanism is unknown, we speculate that the protection afforded by cadmium against radiation might be attributed to different conformations of metal‐induced metallothionein cysteine clusters. Further, these clusters are likely dependent upon conversion between conformational forms requiring specific levels of metal ion site occupancy.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528709375353

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study assessed the effects of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), a newly recognized non‐volatile product of chlorine disinfection, on the oxygen uptake of dragonfly nymphs. This study utilized a range of TCAA from 1 ‐ 1000 ppb for a 96 hour period using a flow‐through exposure system. The results indicated a dose‐dependent increase in oxygen utilization which achieve statistical significance from control values at 100 and 1000 ppb. While previously published efforts have emphasized possible public health effects of TCAA as a result of consumption of chlorinated drinking water, the present findings indicate that TCAA is capable of causing environmental physiological alterations in an aquatic model organism in a model flow‐through system at environmentally relevant concentrations.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528709375354

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The bacterial quality of a total of 204 water samples representing 22 brands of bottled waters (both domestic and imported) obtained from retail outlets in the Cincinnati, Ohio, area was examined using the heterotrophic plate count and the total coliform multiple‐tube fermentation and membrane filtration techniques. It was found after 48 hr at 35°C that 27 percent of the samples of domestic bottled waters examined had bacterial heterotrophic plate counts in excess of 500 colony‐forming units (CFU) per ml, with the majority of these in the 1000 to 100,000 range, whereas 73 percent contained fewer than 500 bacteria as CFU per ml. All of the three imported brands had bacterial levels below 500 CFU per ml. Extended incubation of bacterial plates at room temperature for seven days resulted in a 17.3 percent increase in bacterial counts in excess of 500 CFU per ml, with the greatest predominance of recovery occurring in the 1000 to 100,000 range. No total coliforms were detected in any bottled vater examined, but pigmented non‐coliform bacteria vere found to constitute a major portion of the bacterial flora in bottled vater with high bacterial numbers (i.e., > 500 CFU per ml). It vas concluded that the bacterial standards for bottled vaters should be based upon not only the total coliform determination, but also upon a bacterial heterotrophic plate count of no more than 500 CFU per ml after protracted incubation times longer than 48 hr.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528709375355

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During land application of domestic wastewater, pathogenic enteric viruses may gain entrance into groundwater. Soil modification to enhance virus removal as a method of groundwater protection is described. Inorganic substances were added to a column of sandy loam to assess their ability to enhance the removal of coliphage MS‐2 and poliovirus from tapwater and secondarily treated sewage. Aluminum metal, magnesium oxide and magnesium peroxide when added to the soil were found to significantly enhance virus removal above that observed in control columns. Powdered metallic aluminum caused an average decrease of greater than five logs in virus concentration, while control columns containing no aluminum showed only a two log decrease. Significant reduction in the number of viruses continued in test columns during five weeks of intermittent flooding. The efficiency of virus removal due to the soil additive declined toward the end of the flooding period. Aluminum metal did not significantly change the pH of the column percolate and was not leached in significant amounts from the soil used in this study when pH 2–3 water was passed through the column for 38 days. Both magnesium oxide and magnesium peroxide, while also effective in virus removal, significantly increased the pH of the column percolate.

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528709375356

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0360-1226    

DOI:10.1080/10934528709375349

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor