摘要:

Although a variety of eye muscle antigens are recognized by autoantibodies in the serum from patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) 64 kDa membrane proteins, which are also expressed in the thyroid, are most closely linked to the development of ophthalmopathy in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. A cloned 64 kDa protein called1D, which shares homology with tropomodulin, appears to be closely related to a 64 kDa eye muscle protein identified in immunoblot-ting and both may be members of a family of cytostructural proteins. The relationship between 64 kDa proteins in eye muscle and thyroid, and its equivalent in somatic skeletal muscle, will only be understood when the various proteins are cloned from expression libraries, sequenced and their consensual and unique domains identified. Since these 64 kDa antigens are expressed in both thyroid and eye muscle, a possible mechanism for the association of ophthalmopathy with autoimmune thyroid disease is immunological cross-reactivity by autoantibodies and sensitized T lymphocytes. Autoantibodies reactive with 64 kDa eye muscle proteins are associated with ophthalmopathy in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders and predictive of the development of ophthalmopathy in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939308993314

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) has been extensively studied as a model for human posterior uveitis, however, few ultrastructural studies of EAU in the rat have been reported. In the present report we document a systematic time-course study of the posterior segment changes in the Lewis rat. The disease varied somewhat in severity in animals sacrificed at identical times after immunisation. In the prodromal stage of the disease, usually around day 14, early pathological changes included mild peripapillary vasculitis and low grade mononuclear and neutrophilic infiltration of the subretinal space with phagocytosis of the rod outer segments. The features of the severe or active diseases were most evident on day 21 and included mixed cellular infiltrate of the vitreous, subretinal serohaemorrhagic exudate, focal retinal detachment and necrosis. Outer retinal destruction was often most severe adjacent areas of retinal vasculitis. Focal monocytic subpigment epithelial microgranulomas, reminiscent of Dalen-Fuch's nodules in humans, were also identified. By day 28 and 49 active inflammation had subsided and large segments of the outer retina were completely destroyed. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) also showed signs of activation in the vicinity of focal retinochoroidal mononuclear infiltrates including multilayering, proliferation and increased phagocytosis. Finally, neovascularisation of the RPE by non-fenestrated capillaries derived from the retinal vasculature was evident in the late stages of the disease.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939308993315

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The chemopreventive action of carotenoids on proteinuria and lymphadenopathy were examined in autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr(MRL/l) mice. They were fed a synthetic full-fed diet (16–18 kcal/mouse/day) with supplementation ofβ-carotene or astaxanthin (0.19μmoles/mouse, 3 times a week), and the development of lymphadenopathy and proteinuria were examined. MRL/l mice fed a full-fed diet without the supplementation of carotenoids or those fed a calorie-restricted (CR) diet (10–11 kcal/mouse/day, 60% calorie intake of full-fed mice) were employed as controls.CR dramatically delayed the development of proteinuria and lymphadenopathy, as reported previously. Carotenoids also significantly delayed the onset of these symptoms in MRL/l mice fed a full-fed diet. Carotenoids were half as effective as CR and astaxanthin, a carotenoid without provitamin A activity, which appeared to exert more significant preventive actions thanβ-carotene in delaying the development of these symptoms. Similar chemopreventive actions of carotenoids were also demonstrated in MRL/l mice fed a regular diet (Lab Chow). CR has been shown to augment IL-2 production and to decrease serum prolactin levels in this strain, which may be related to its dramatic preventive action of autoimmunity. However, carotenoids did not affect IL-2 production nor prolactin levels in full-fed MRL/l mice.The chemopreventive actions of carotenoids observed in autoimmune-prone MRL/1 mice may be attributed to yet unknown mechanisms, apart from their provitamin A activity or oxygen-quenching activity.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939308993316

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Four of 15 monoclonal human IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) derived from synovial B cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed positive ELISA reactions with humanβ2-microglobulin. These findings were different from those previously noted using IgM RF derived from monoclonal Waldenstrom's paraproteins or the IgM components of mixed cryoglobulins, and resembled the anti-β2microglobulin specificity of polyclonal IgM RF from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Reactions of monoclonal IgM synovial RF with overlapping 7-mers ofβ2m sequence indicated major regions of positive reactivity at positions 57–64 and 89–95 which were maintained in the presence of high salt (300 mM NaCl) conditions. Glycine substitution of each residue within RF-reactiveβ2m regions indicated that tryptophanes at position 60 and 95, lysine at 58, phenylalanine at 62, valine at 93 and arginine at 97 constituted important single amino acids for the reactive epitopes. These findings indicate that clonally restricted human IgM RF derived from diseased tissues of patients with RA show anti-β2m reactivity similar to polyclonal RF from the same patients. This particular fine specificity is not present in monoclonal RF derived from patients with Waldenstrom's or mixed cryoglobulins showing anti-γ-globulin activity.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939308993317

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Condensation: The diagnosis and treatment of autoantibody-associated forms of reproductive failure is critically reviewed.OBJECTIVE: To critically evaluate the published literature in reference to autoantibody-associated forms of reproductive failure.LOCATION: Medical School-affiliated private Infertility Center.MATERIALS: A review of over 200 published papers reflecting on the topic.RESULTS: Autoantibody associated reproductive failure, characterized by a decrease in fecundity and an increase in the risk of pregnancy loss, appears established. Autoantibody abnormalities, as routinely detected by standard laboratory assays, are, however, neither immunologically nor biologically specific since cross reactivities between autoantibodies are frequent and a specific autoantibody may cause a biological effect in one but not in another affected individual.CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of autoantibody abnormalities in all cases of suspected autoimmune-associated reproductive failure is valuable and will improve clinical care of affected patients. Clinicians need, however, to recognize the limitations of autoantibody testing and have to adjust their clinical management to the degree and quality of autoantibody evaluation available to them in their community.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939308993318

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The inhibitory effect of interleukin (IL)-1 on thyroid cell functions, including cAMP and thyroglobulin production, is well documented. Recently, IL-1 was shown to enhance the production of IL-6 from thyrocytes, and IL-1 receptors were demonstrated on normal thyroid cells. The origin of IL-1 could be from infiltrating monocytes/-macrophages, endothelial cells as well as from the thyrocytes themselves. Thus, IL-1 activated thyrocyte may participate directly in the immunological process by reacting to and producing immunoinflammatory cytokines.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939308993319

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939308993320

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939308993321

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939308993322

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor