ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087581

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Autoaggression and autoimmune attack are established vernacular in the literature of autoimmune disease, and reflect the popular view that autoimmunity is a disease of immune dysregulation in which the immune system inappropriately attacks healthy tissue. The aim of this article is to focus attention on an alternative, indeed opposite, view—that autoimmunity represents the response to a primary lesion in the target tissue, rather than its cause, and that like alloimmunity, autoimmunity is physiological, appropriate and protective. The cell death and tissue damage which results is characteristic of an immune response programmed to eliminate immunogen, remove detritus and isolate the lesion.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087582

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Several prominent protein antigens involved in antibody and T cell responses to mycobacteria have been identified as members of highly conserved heat shock protein families. The immunogenicity of heat shock proteins in a broad range of infections, along with the extensive sequence identity between corresponding host and pathogen homologues, and the potential for localized accumulation in response to stress stimuli, makes these antigens attractive candidates for theories of autoimmunity based on“molecular mimicry”. The 65 kilodalton (kD) heat shock protein of mycobacteria has indeed been shown to modulate the course of autoimmune disease in experimental animals, and immune responses to this and other heat shock proteins have been demonstrated in association with human autoimmune diseases. This paper provides a brief review of the immune response to mycobacterial heat shock proteins during infection and auto-immunity.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087583

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pathogenesis of seronegative spondyloarthropathies such as ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis is not known. Growing evidence indicates that microbial structures such asChlamydiaantigen andYersiniaantigen are present in the inflamed joints of patients with reactive arthritis. Microbial antigens can activate the host's inflammatory mechanisms. After the activation, the course of inflammation can be postulated to be affected by the host factors responsible for amplification of the inflammatory reaction and elimination of the foreign structures. Thus, the amplification, whether strong, moderate, or weak, may contribute to the degree of inflammatory tissue injury in patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies. This review will discuss the role of increased inflammatory reactivity in the pathogenesis of HLA-B27 associated spondyloarthropathies, with special reference to reactive arthritis triggered by yersinia enteritis.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087584

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An antibody (R73) to theαβT cell receptor (TCR) was able to dramatically suppress adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. The efficacy of R73 treatment was investigated with regard to antibody dosage, injection route and timing of injections. R73 was equally effective in reducing joint swelling throughout a wide dose range (80 to 2000μg/dose) when given on day 15, 18, and 21 after arthritis induction. Both i.p. and i.v. injection were able to suppress the pre-existing joint swelling to the same extent. However, R73 was only effective when given before or at the peak of joint swelling which occurred between day 18 to 24. Synovial membrane hyperplasia, mononuclear cell infiltration as well as cartilage and bone destruction were markedly reduced after therapy. The effect of R73 was associated with depletion ofαβ+T cells from the circulation even at low antibody doses. Only fewαβ+T cells were found in the pannus tissue. Late treatment on day 27. 30 and 33 after arthritis induction did not influence clinical scoring of the disease and histological examination thereafter did not show any difference between treated animals and controls. We conclude that antibody therapy directed at the TCR seems to be very effective even in pre-existing autoimmune diseases if the relevant T cell population is affected. However, inflammation and joint destruction may reach a state at which anti-TCR treatment is no longer effective.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087585

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The phenotype HLA-B27 is common in patients who develop reactive arthritis after having an infection. One hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis is that molecular mimicry between HLA-B27 and certain bacterial components might be involved. It is known that an infection withYersiniais commonly associated with reactive arthritis in B27 positive patients. Therefore, we were interested to investigate whether cross-reactivity betweenYersiniaand HLA-B27 exists. A gene library ofYersinia pseudotuberculosiswas created in the plasmid vector pUC13. One of the resulting clones contained a gene encoding an intracytoplasmic protein that seems to have partial epitope identity with HLA-B27. It reacted in western blot. ELISA and immunoprecipitation with three different HLA-B27 specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies of the IgG and IgM class. However DNA-sequencing of the clonedYersiniagene and the predicted amino acid sequence revealed only a very remote similarity with HLA-B27 in the primary structure. Instead, an extremely high degree of similarity with the ribosomal protein L4 of the S10 operon ofEscherichia coliwas identified indicating that the protein encoded by the clonedY. pseudotuberculosisgene is a corresponding ribosomal protein.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087586

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We have demonstrated that the inability to secrete the water soluble glycoprotein form of the ABO blood group antigens into saliva is significantly more common in patients with Graves' disease than control subjects (40% vs 27%;P<0.025) but not among those with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or spontaneous primary atrophic hypothyroidism. Non-secretion is associated with increased susceptibility to infection and to asymptomatic carriage of some microorganisms.AlthoughYersinia entrocoliticahas been found to express antigen cross reactive with the TSH receptor, we did not find an increased prevalence ofYersiniaspecies in the faeces of 107 patients with Graves' disease. The isolation rate (<1%) was similar to that observed in the local population with diarrhoeal illness. Salivary IgA levels determined by whole cell ELlSA withY. enterocolitica03 were not elevated in the majority of specimens examined. The results suggest that. in contrast to reports from Scandinavia. there is no strong evidence that yersiniae play a role in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease among patients in South east Scotland.Non-secretors are significantly over represented among patients with several other autoimmune diseases; however, with the exception of antitubulin antibodies, non-secretors with Graves' disease did not have more antibodies to other human antigens than secretor patients.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087587

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The concordance rate of Graves disease in pairs of identical twins of 30 to 60% points to the influence of environmental factors, and infections have often been incriminated in the pathogenesis9,12.17. More than 15 years ago we demonstrated an increased frequency of antibodies toYersinia enterocolitica(Y. ent.) serotype 31. which later was confirmed by others,19.20suggesting a link between infection withY. ent. and autoimmune thyroid diseases.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087588

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087589

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

These studies are concerned with detection of circulating antibodies against various defined enterobacterial antigens in patients with chronic inflammatory liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis type B (n =46). chronic active hepatitis (CAH) of autoimmune type (n =10). alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 24) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (ti =24) as well as in healthy individuals (n= 39). Anti-LPS and anti-lipid A were determined by hemolytic and hemagglutination assay. Immunoblot technique was used to investigate the antibody activity against plasmid encoded proteins from Yersinia enterocolitica. Persistent titers of anti-LPS up to serum dilution 1:32.768 were found with hemolytic and hemagglutination assay in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis or PBC and in healthy control. In contrast nearly 50% of patients with chronic hepatitis B had no hemolytic antibodies against the two LPSE. coliserotypes at the time of liver biopsy. Anti-lipid A was detectable in 58% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis but in low titers in less than 10% in the other groups (p<0.001). Alcoholic cirrhosis was also associated with a high frequency of IgG and IgA antibodies against plasmid encoded proteins from Yersina enterocolitica. The data indicate that the 0–polysaccharides as strong antigens are physiologically exposed to the immune system while lipid A and enterobacterial proteins are solely immunogenic under abnormal conditions.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939009087590

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor