摘要:

The immune response to the Ro/SSA particles is conformation dependent. In sera with only anti-Ro/SSA precipitins, the autoantibodies to the 60 kD Ro/SSA are largely to the native 60 kD Ro/SSA while autoantibodies to the 52 kD Ro/SSA particle when present are exclusively to the denatured 52 kD Ro/SSA particle. Antibodies eluted from a recombinant 52 kD Ro/SSA fusion protein reacted in a sandwich ELISA which only measures antibody to native 60 kD Ro/SSA antigens and this reaction is largely inhibited by native homogeneous 60 kD Ro/SSA. In addition. antibody binding to the 52 kD Ro/SSA antigen in Western blot is also strongly inhibited by native 60 kD Ro/SSA. These experiment strongly suggest that reactivity of denatured 52 kD Ro/SSA antigen represents a cross reaction with autoantibodies directed to the native 60 kD Ro/SSA antigen. As a corollary of these experiments, data are presented that suggest the hY-RNAs are not associated with the 52 kD Ro/SSA protein but only with the 60 kD Ro/SSA protein.These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the autoanti-Ro/SSA response is driven by native 60 kD Ro/SSA and the immune response to denatured 52 kD Ro/SSA is largely a cross-reactive subset of the immune response to native 60 kD Ro/SSA.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083125

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

T-cell receptor (TCR)αandγgenes polymorphisms were analysed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) in 10 Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) multiplex families. TCRαandγalleles distribution does not significantly differ between affected and non affected children. Furthermore there was no excess of Cαor Vγallele sharing in affected sib pairs. Therefore the T-cell receptorαandγchain alleles studied do not seem to affect IDDM susceptibilityper se.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083126

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fusidic acid and its sodium salt (fusidin) are anti-staphylococcal drugs.In vitrostudies have shown that they prevent the lymphocyte co-stimulatory activities of the cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 in a manner similar to that of cyclosporin A. and prevent the inhibitory effect of IL-1 on glucose-induced insulin production. As IL-1 and IL-6 are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes, the aim of this study was to investigate whether fusidin could influence the disease incidence of the spontaneously diabetic BB rat model. Accordingly, a group of 50 BB rats receiving fusidin dissolved in their drinking water were compared to a control group of 55 rats over a period of 200 days. The incidence of diabetes was found to be 52% in the experimental group and 71% in the control group (R<0.05). The degree of insulitis and the number of islets at histological examination were similar among the non-diabetic animals whereas the diabetic fusidin-treated animals showed a higher degree of islet preservation than the diabetic control rats. The results are highly indicative of an anti-diabetogenic effect of fusidin.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083127

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The study of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies has been greatly developed in recent years and conclusive evidence now exists Concerning the correlation between aPL and clinical signs such as thrombosis, throm-bocytopenia, abortion, and fetal loss.Several hypotheses have been put forward concerning the pathogenic mechanism of aPL, but none has received final confirmation from experimental data.Many studies have been devoted to characterizing the antigens recognized by the different aPL autoantibodies and to a cofactor involved in the binding of autoantibodies and phospholipids; this cofactor has been identified as an apolipoprotein, theβ2glicoprotein I (β2GPI) or APO-H.Direct evidence now exists which suggests that both theβ2GPI and the phospholipid comprise the epitope to which aPL are directed. On the other hand anti-β2GPI antibodies have been identified in sera of patients suffering from SLE and primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome.β2GPI is normally present in human plasma/serum and possesses numerous inhibitory functions in multiple coagulation pathways. The amino acid sequence ofβ2GPI has been identified and found to consist of five repeating units that belong to the complement control protein (CCP) super family.This development of knowledge related to aPL has followed three steps respectively: I. the standardization of the techniques of detection; 2. identification of the clinical signs related to the autoantibodies; and finally 3. the discovery of a new player, theβ2GPI cofactor.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083128

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Normal human CD8+ T cell clones were co-isolated from the same culture wells as CD4+ T effector cell clones specific for myelin basic protein (MBP). Microcultures from which the CD8+ clones were isolated initially proliferated weakly to whole MBP and to an MBP peptide spanning residues 90–170. This pattern of response was similar to strongly proliferating wells that yielded CD4+ T cell clones specific for the 90–170 peptide. After repeated stimulation, however, no response to MBP or MBP 90–170 was detected, even though the number of cells increased after stimulation. Phenotyping and TCR analyses revealed the presence of two CD8+, CD4–. IL-2R+ T cell isolates that expressed a single Vβ2gene (Vβ217) that differed from the CD4+ isolates that uniformly expressed Vβ214. One of these CD8+ clones (C9) inhibited the antigen-driven proliferation of an autologous MBP 90–170 reactive clone but not an autologous clone specific for Herpes simplex virus (HSV). without affecting MHC non-resuicted mitogen responses of the same clones. Moreover, C9 did not inhibit heterologous CD4+ T cell clones specific for MBP 1–38 or 90–170. A culture supernatant of the CD8+ clone showed the same pattern but lower levels of inhibition. C9 had mild cytolytic activity when incubated at high ratios with an autologous MBP-specific CD4+ clone. Lysis was blocked completely by anti-MHC class I antibodies. but not by anti-MHC II antibodies. These data suggest that CD8+ T cells can recognize idiotypic determinants on CD4+ MBP-specific T cells, and raise the possibility that CDS+ T cells could participate in the normal regulation of potentially pathogenic autoreactive effector cells.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083129

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Recurrent adverse pregnancy outcome may be the final result of different causes, including autoimmune diseases, as the Antiphospholipid Syndrome.Antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant and/or anticardiolipin antibodies) were found in 16% of 197 patients with prior unexplained recurrent miscarriages. During our study 22 out of 32 antiphospholipid antibodies positive women became pregnant again. To prevent abortion relapses, 16 of them were treated with acetylsalicylic acid (50mg×2/day) andor fluocortolone (20mg/day for 5 days/week). Such therapy started as soon as pregnancy was diagnosed in 14 patients. Two patients began the therapeutic regimen during the third month of gestation. Six patients, who didn't accept this therapeutic approach, represent our control group.All the 14 early treated patients ended pregnancy with success. The 2 women that began the therapy later presented abortion relapses.Among the 6 not treated patients, 5 presented spontaneous abortion and only one gave birth to a baby, No side effect was observed neither in treated mothers nor in their babies.In conclusion, even if further studies would be necessary to standardise a therapeutic protocol. our results encourage the clinical care of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083130

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The use of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice to study humoral responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) was assessed. Upon transfer to SCID mice, PBMC from normal donors and patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) produced substantial levels of immunoglobulin (Ig), detectable in the plasma of recipient SCID mice. In contrast. the majority of PBMC from AIHA donors did not produce Ig in recipient mice. The capacity of PBMC to reconstitute SCID mice was not related to the donor's age. In one case, remission of AIHA allowed the donor's PBMC to successfully reconstitute SCID mice, despite the fact that the donor had developed immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). AIHA PBMC were viable by dye exclusion and contained cells in various states of activation, as judged by their IgG secretion profiles when culturedin vitro. The proportions of leukocytes in AIHA PBMC (T to B cell ratios, CD4* to CD8* cell ratios and monocytes) were highly variable compared to non-AIHA PBMC. To determine the effect of abnormal lymphocyte proportions on SCID reconsti-tution, depletion experiments were carried out on normal and AITD PBMC. This work demonstrated a requirement for high T cell numbers, especially CD4′cells, and minimal B cell numbers for successful recon-stitution. CD8* depletion of PBMC led to increased levels of Ig production in some instances. It is considered that PBMC from AIHA patients have a defect different from that of other autoimmune disorders, which renders them incapable of reconstituting SCID mice.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083131

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We examined the possible relationship between thymic mast cells and increased vascular permeability in the thymus of autoimmune NZBW F1mice. Light-microscopic observation of tissue sections showed that non-autoimmune BDF1mast cells increased with age. In contrast, autoimmune NZBW F1mast cells did not increase in the thymic parenchyma at the age of 9 weeks. However, NZBW F1mast cells resumed the age-associated increase from the age of 12 weeks and exceeded the number of BDF1mast cells at the age of 30 weeks. Blood histamine levels of 9-week-old NZBW F1mice were higher than those of BDF, mice of comparable age. Furthermore, peritoneal mast cells of NZB/W F1mice were more sensitive to compound 48/80 than those of BDF1mice. Increased blood histamine levels of NZBN F1mice seem to be due to the enhanced histamine release from mast cells. These results suggest a possible correlation between the high histamine levels by degranulation of mast cells and increased vascular permeability in the thymus of NZB/W F1mice.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083132

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Autoantibodies to the three major thyroid autoantigens, the TSH-receptor (TSH-R), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (TG), have been investigated in 63 Graves' patients with severe endocrine ophthalmopa-thy. In agreement with other studies. TSH-R antibodies were detectable in 88% of patients and dominated the autoantibody spectrum. TPO antibodies were detectable in 60% of patients and TG antibodies in only 25% of patients. The prevalences. as well as the amounts, of all three thyroid autoantibodies were not significantly different from the values in 51 Graves' patients without clinically significant ophthalmopathy. However, in the subgroup of patients with TG antibodies, the ophthalmopathy patients displayed a shift towards IgG4 TG antibodies. Furthermore, in the same TG antibody positive subgroup, the amount of TSH-R antibody was significantly higher in the ophthalmopathy patients than in Graves' patients without ophthalmopathy. These qualitative differences in thyroid autoantibodies in patients with and without ophthalmopathy raise the possibility that further qualitative differences, such as thyroid autoantibody epitopes. may exist in patients with ophthalmopathy. Our observations. combined with recent evidence for the presence of TSH-R specific mRNA in retro-orbital tissue, suggest that it may be premature to dismiss the potential pathogenetic or diagnostic value of thyroid autoantibodies, particularly TSH-R antibodies. in Graves' ophthalmopathy.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083133

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) induced by immunization of albino Lewis rats with a retinal soluble antigen (S-antigen) has been studied extensively by many workers. An intraorchidic injection of S-antigen 4 days prior to immunization of the animal with the antigen emulsified in adjuvant was found to prevent the onset of the disease. Orchiectomy in 24 hr after the intraorchidic injection did not abolish the effect of treatment. The systemic suppression induced by the orchidic treatment persisted at least for 3 weeks after treatment. In rats that received orchidic treatment, delayed-type hypersensitivity was markedly inhibited but anti-S-antigen antibody levels in the serum were as high as those in immunized rats without orchidic pretreat-ment. These results indicate that antigen challenge to the testis is a novel method to elicit systemic activation of the immunosuppressive mechanism.

ISSN:0891-6934    

DOI:10.3109/08916939209083134

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor