摘要:

SynopsisAs a result of their use in detergents and personal products and their subsequent disposal, anionic surfactants may achieve a wide distribution in the environment. It is therefore important to assess the hazard that this use might present to the environment.In order to do this it is necessary to estimate the highest concentrations which are likely to occur at key points in the environment. These estimates may be based on a knowledge of the quantities used and the per capita consumption of water, and take account of the physico‐chemical properties, biodegradation and treatability of the surfactant. The margin of safety between these estimates and the lowest concentrations causing adverse effects on sewage treatment operations, aquatic organisms and crops may then be determined.Laboratory studies on linear alkyl benzene sulphonates, primary alkyl sulphates, linear alkyl ether sulphates and secondary alkane sulphonates suggest that their current levels in detergents and personal products present no hazard to the environment. This conclusion is confirmed by the results of environmental monitoring.Les agents de surface et l'environme

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SynopsisA new formulation for dermatological use and hair care was studied. Phosphate diesters of the nonyl‐phenol type in association with cocoimidazoline derivatives are compared with four commercial formulations. Foaming capacity, eye and skin irritation, keratin solubilization and defatting properties were studied. The mixture was the best foamforming formulation and the best defatting agent. Also, it was non‐irritant for skin and eyes at adequate dilutions and did not dissolve keratin. It is a good formulation for dermatological use and hair care, due to its detergent properties. It ranks high among safe products.Di‐ésters phosphates à usage dermat

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SynopsisAn image analysis method to measure the human skin microrelief has been previously proposed.This new method has been recently automated, using a ‘robot’electronically driven by a Quantimet 900. This ‘robot’consists of a change‐over specimen driven by four motors, and allows forty Silflo® replicas to be analysed in 6 hours, each analysis giving the main directions of the furrows, their density and their mean depth.For example, the volar forearm microrelief was studied from the detected shadows created by a 26° angle lighting, in the range of 5 to 100μm deep furrows. A 38° angle lighting allows such measurements from 50 to 1000μm and is used for studying ‘crow's feet’wrinkles of the face.Results clearly show that deep wrinkles appear as early as 30 years old on the human face. The consequences of actinic and mechanical stresses over the life span are discussed.Un système automatique pour l'étude du relie

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

RésuméAfin d'améliorer la stabilité des émulsions à base d'huile de paraffine, d'huile d'olive, de Myglyol 812 et de plusieurs couples émulsifiants constitués de tensio‐actifs non‐ioniques, cinq polymères hydrophiles ont été utilisés: la carboxyméthyl cellulose sodique, l'hydroxyéthyl cellulose, l'agar‐agar, une argile hydrophile synthétique et un polymère carboxyvinylique.Après douze mois de conservation, il ressort un certain nombre de points: parmi les trois huiles utilisées l'émulsion à base d'huile d'olive se révèle être la plus difficile à stabiliser. L'addition d'un hydrocolloïde n'entraîne pas forcément la stabilisation d'une émulsion et parmi les additifs testés c'est le polymère acrylique qui se révèle être le plus efficace.Stabilisation of emuls

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SynopsisWith high‐performance liquid chromatography the three major isomers present in the sunscreen agent, 5(3, 3‐dimethyl‐2‐norbornylidene)‐3 pentene‐2‐one, have been isolated and quantified. Their structures have been determined using mass, infra‐red, and NMR spectrometry.Isomères dans le filtre solaire 5(3, 3‐dimethyl‐2‐norborny

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1984.tb00377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY