摘要:

SynopsisTransparent formulations of a liposoluble sunscreen in an aqueous medium were studied, taking into account the different chemicals of a selected system situated in the vertices of a regular tetrahedron: sunscreen agent, co‐solvent, (surfactants ± mineral oil) mixture (in the tetrahedron base) and water as the fourth component. Several compositions were selected at optimized component ratios after which water was added progressively. Clear gel and liquid compositions were obtained yielding a sunscreen agent that it suitable for conventional use. The physico‐chemical properties of some compositions were assessed in terms of water/sunscreen agent con

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1990.tb00534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SynopsisWe have examined the relationship between human axillary skin microflora and underarm odour (UAO), in particular, the ability of cutaneous bacteria to transform steroids. A study was made of bacterial population density and odour intensity of the axillae of 34 normal male subjects. There was a statistically significant association between population density of aerobic coryneform bacteria and UAO intensity. No associations could be found between population densities of staphylococci, micrococci or propionibacteria and UAO intensity. Anin vitromodel for formation of UAO was developed, and used to test individual bacterial isolates. Only aerobic coryneforms could produce axillary odourin vitro, most notablyC. xerosis.Many aerobic coryneforms could transform testosterone, the principal metabolites being 5α‐ and 5β‐DHT, androstenedione, and 5α‐ and 5β‐androstanedione. UAO positive coryneforms were more metabolically active than UAO negative bacteria. Micrococci also transformed testosterone to androstenedione, whilst staphylococci and propionibacteria could not metabolize it. A hypothesis for the role of aerobic coryneforms in the formation of human axillary odour i

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1990.tb00535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SynopsisIn vitrostudies on the interaction of phospholipids with p‐phenylene diamine, a major component of hair dyes, were undertaken. Thin layer and molecular sieving chromatography along with phosphorus estimation and spectral characterization suggested the possibility of p‐phenylene diamine and its biotransformation products combining with lipophilic biomolecu

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1990.tb00536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SynopsisOil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized with nonionic emulsifiers change to water‐in‐oil emulsions as the temperature rises when the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the mixed emulsifier are just balanced. Preparation above the phase inversion temperature followed by rapid cooling yields emulsions that exhibit very fine droplet size and extreme long‐term stability. Cosmetic emulsions were prepared by this phase inversion temperature (PIT) method using typical raw materials such as polar oils, e.g. decyl oleate, 2‐octyl dodecanol or isopropyl myristate, and nonionic emulsifiers, e.g. ceteareth‐12 or polyoxyethylene eicosyl/docosyl ether combined with cetostearyl alcohol as a co‐emulsifier. The phase inversion temperature was measured as a function of the oil polarity and the concentration of mixed emulsifier. The relationship between phase inversion temperature, droplet size and emulsion stability was investigated. In addition, self‐bodying agents such as cetostearyl alcohol or monoglycerides were added to these thin, fine disperse emulsions to adjust the consistency. The influence of these ingredients on phase inversion temperature, droplet size, yield value and emulsion stab

ISSN:0142-5463    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1990.tb00537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY