摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐seven children with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were studied with regard to their clinical, serologic, and histologic features. In contrast to adult patients, non‐A, non‐B hepatitis developed in most pediatric patients (19 out of 27) in the absence of identifiable parenteral exposure, probably because of fewer chances for exposure of children to blood or blood‐contaminated products. Perinatal transmission was considered possible in one of the patients. Fulminant hepatitis had occurred in six patients, two of whom died. It is noteworthy that fulminant hepatitis usually occurred in children with sporadic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis.The progression to chronic hepatitis after acute illness is less likely in children than in adults. Chronic hepatitis developed in four patients. Two of these were asymptomatic at presentation, suggesting that in some patients, non‐A, non‐B hepatitis infections may remain undetected and progress t o chronic hepatitis. Liver histologic examination was performed in 11 patients. There were no characteristic histologic findings which could differentiate non‐A, non‐B from B hepatitis. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) were tested i n 22 of the 27 patients and 8 (36%) were

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe origin and clinical significance of vestibular papillae were evaluated by comparing histological features with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6/11 and 16/18, as revealed by Southern blot DNA hybridization. Twenty women with vestibular papillomatosis underwent clinical evaluation and follow‐up. When available, male partners were also examined. Histological changes suggestive of HPV infection were present in all the 20 specimens. Sixteen cases (80%) contained DNA sequences homologous to the viral probes. In particular, 12 cases (60%) reacted with the HPV 16/18 probe. Follow‐up for more than 18 months revealed no variation in the distribution and appearance of vestibular papillae. No male partner showed signs of HPV lesions. The study shows that HPV 16 is frequently associated with vestibular papillae but does not support a productive infection. Therefore the most appropriate management of these patients should be evaluated clinically in each individual c

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty regular sexual partners of HIV‐1 infected subjects, without detectable human irnmunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) antibody and positive for HIV‐1 genome by in situ hybridization (ISH), were selected and studied longitudinally for 6–36 months to estimate the duration of silent infection. During the follow‐up period, 10 showed atypical Western Blot (WB) patterns. Two seronegative partners seroconverted. Rapid progress t o AIDS was observed in 7 seropositive

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParainfluenza virus type 3 (Para 3) is an important childhood pathogen causing a significant amount of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. Virus data were analysed over a twelve‐year period (197–1989), and a peak incidence of infection was observed in spring as in Houston, USA, unlike in the United Kingdom where summer epidemics appear to be the norm. The temperature ranges were analysed in the different study areas during Para 3 epidemics and similar ranges in temperature were noted which might provide an explanation for the apparently discordant findings in seasonality reported from different parts of the wo

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study among heterosexual men and women with multiple sexual partners was carried out to assess the seroprevalence of antibody against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The 468 participants were recruited among visitors to the Clinic for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Amsterdam. Sera were tested by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Ortho), a recombinant‐based immunoblot assay (RIBA; Chiron), and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 468 persons were tested, and seven (1.5%) were found ELISA positive. Another 25 (5%) were ELISA indeterminate. Six of the seven ELISA‐positive cases were RlBA positive. Further serum samples from five HCV ELISA‐positive persons were tested by PCR, and four were found to be positive. The HCV ELISA‐positive/RIBA‐indeterminate reaction was PCR negative. None of the 17 RIBA‐tested sera of the ELISA‐indeterminate group yielded a positive result. There was a good correlation between an ELISA optical density/ cut‐off ratio greater than 2 and a positive RlBA result. The risk factor for HCV appeared to be the type of sexual partner, i.e., belonging to a “high‐risk” group for human immunodeficiency virus infection and origin from hepatitis B‐endemic countries. It is concluded that HCV may be transmitted through heterosexual contact but pro

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA solution of pooled cryo‐precipitate for preparing factor Vlll (F VIII) by the solventi/detergent method was contaminated experimentally with parvovirus B19‐positive plasma to evaluate virus reduction achieved by the final steps of the F Vlll production process. Virus reduction was at least 2 logs of the total amount of B19 virus added to the pooled cryo‐precipitate. The major amount of B19 virus was detected in the solution used to regenerate the F VIII‐selective anion exchange chromatography column. A few viral particles were detected in the final F Vlll concentrate before filtration but these were aggregates and were removed by filtration, and in the solution used to regenerate the anion exchange resin. It is not known whether the residual viral DNA present in the final product represents infectious or inactivated pa

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA pilot study was designed to determine the tolerance and effectiveness of natural or recombinant gamma interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Sixteen patients received 0.5 to 3.0 million units (MU) per day of gamma interferon (IFN‐γ) for 7 days. Nineteen chronic hepatitis B patients who were treated with 5–6 MU leukocyte‐derived alpha interferon (IFN‐α) daily served as controls. All completed the treatment schedule. IFN‐γ exerted mild, but significant inhibitory effects (P<05) on serum DNA polymerase levels. However, the changes were significantly less (P<001) than those seen with IFN‐α therapy when compared with percent change from basal values. In contrast, serum 2', 5'‐oligoadenylate synthetase (2–5 AS) activities were markedly enhanced t o a similar extent during therapy with both IFNs. Serum β2‐micro‐globulin values were significantly increased by administration with both IFNs, although higher values were seen with IFN‐γ. Five patients received 1 MU IFN‐γ for 28 consecutive days and their HBeAg levels similarly decreased as those seen in patients treated with IFN‐α. Side effects seemed to be greater during IFN‐γ therapy than IFN‐α despite the lower doses used. The antiviral effect on serum HBV levels appeared less with IFN‐γ than with IFN‐α. Alternatively immunomodulatory functions may have been enhanced with

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCell‐free human immunodeficiency virus type‐I (HIV‐1) was precipitated from archival serum with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and HIV‐1 RNA was detected and quantified by reverse transcription and amplification in a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The assay of endpoint dilutions cDNA in nested PCRs allowed an estimation of the minimum RNA copies per unit volume of serum. RNA titres correlated with the classification of HIV‐1 infection by CDC disease groups (30 patients). The geometric mean titres of HIV‐1 serum RNA from patients grouped by disease stage gave minimum estimates of 340 and 400 virions per millilitre of serum in CDC groups II and Ill (n = 6 and 10, respectively) and 4,240 virions per millilitre in CDC group IV (n = 14). An overall fall in viral titre measured in this way was observed in 3 patients during zidovudine treatment. HIV‐1 titres increased in a further 4 patients when therapy was interrupted, stopped, or complicated by second

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pathology of Coxsackie virus B4 (CVB4) infection in a murine model was investigated by in situ hybridization using a biotinylated cDNA probe derived from CVB4. During the acute phase of infection virus RNA sequences were detected in the exocrine pancreas of 60% of mice infected with a pancreotropic variant of CVB4. A positive hybridization signal was observed in other organs in some animals including the heart and liver of 1 mouse 28 days after infection. The cellular distribution of virus RNA sequences corresponded well with the histological findings in most tissues. Possible causes for failure of hybridization in some infected pancreases are discussed in conjunction with potential application of the technique in human pancreas biopsy samples.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring the 12 years from January, 1977, to December, 1988, the Hamilton Centre of the Canadian Red Cross Society (CRCS) Blood Transfusion Service screened 98,712 pregnant patients for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and identified 120 positives (0.12%). The number of positives ranged from six to 16 per year. We were able to trace and enroll 65 mothers (54%) and 96 of their children in the follow‐up study. The majority of the women were between 20 and 30 years of age (95.4%) and married (86%), and about one‐half were employed outside the home. Sixty‐five percent were white and 34% Asian, and 20 countries were listed as their places of origin. Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) was available for neonatal immunization since 1977 and combined with vaccine since 1982. Of the 96 candidates for HBIG, 60 (63%) received HBIG within 24 hr, one after 3 months, four unknown, and 31 did not receive it. Of the 56 candidates for vaccination from 1982 to 1989,26 (46%) received three doses, seven had two doses, eight had one dose, one was unknown, and 14 had none. HBsAg tests were performed on 69 children (71.8%) and anti‐HBs on 61 (63.5%). Four of the children are HBsAg positive, 31 have anti‐HBs, and 31 have no detectable antibodies. All four HBsAg positives had not received vaccine, and only one had received HBIG. Of the children positive for hepatitis B surface antibodies, five had received no immunization and therefore had been subclinically infected. Of the 32 vaccinees tested for anti‐HBs at least 2 years after immunization was complete, 27 (84.4%) had detectable antibodies. Thus, although several children did not receive appropriate immunization early in the program, the majority did receive both HBIG and vaccine, apparently preventing infection. The consequences of no immunization in these children were a 33.3% infection rate (7/21) and a 14% (3121 ) rate of chroni

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY