摘要:

AbstractRadioimmunoassay methods were used to determine both the hepatitis B virus (HBV) subtype and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti‐HBe) status of a group of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive blood donors. The study involved sera containing HBV of the three major occidental subtypes,adw2,ayw3, andayw2. The previously reported association of they‐type virus with HBeAg and thedtypes with anti‐HBe was again observed. However, when the twoysubgroups,ayw2andayw3, were considered individually, it was evident that theayw3specimens alone accounted for the association with HBeAg while theayw2sera were strongly associated with anti‐HBe. The study also indicated that the prevalence of HBeAg declined and that of anti‐HBe increased progressively with advancing age. On the average,ayw2donors were significantly older than theadw2donors, and donors from both of these groups were older than theayw3donors. It is postulated that the observed age differences account, at least in part, for the differing prevalence of e markers in the three HBV subtype groups, and that these age differences, in turn, may reflect a tendency for infections with theayw2viral strain to persist longer thanadw2infections, and both of these longer thanayw3infections. Alternately, the three subtypes may represent epidemiologic shifts from remoteayw2andadw2infections to more recentayw

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple procedure is described which permits the rapid identification of clinical herpes simplex virus isolates. The test utilizes Staphylococcus aureus to which antiviral immunoglobulins had been adsorbed. Adherence of the antibody‐coated bacteria to virus‐infected cells is readily seen by light microscopy. Indirect immunofluorescence and the S aureus adherence reaction were found to be approximately of equal sensitivity for the detection of virus antig

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn improved counterimmunoelectrophoretic (CIE) procedure for detection of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is described. The procedure, which uses high ionic strength buffer and concentrated antigen, is as sensitive and specific as complement fixation (CF), indirect hemagglutination (IHA), and anti‐complement immunofluorescence (ACIF) but requires concentration of some sera. In studies on sera from 118 normal blood donors, the percent correlation of CIE results with those by CF, IHA, and ACIF were 97.5, 98.3, and 98.3, respectively, and exceeded slightly the correlations among the latter three procedures. The appearance of precipitation immediately or early after a CIE run and of more than one line of precipitate was indicative of high titers by the other procedures, while single lines of late precipitation occurred with most low titer sera but also with many of those of high tite

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe presence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti‐HAV) in 60% of procured owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) held within the United States prompted a study of recently captured A trivigatus in Panama. Only 2 of 145 newly captured monkeys, but all of 35 A trivirgatus held within a colony for over 100 days, were found to have anti‐HAV. Of 41 sero‐negative, newly captured monkeys followed prospectively, 25 became infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV) as evidenced by seroconversion or demonstration of virus in the liver at death. Only one monkey that survived over 60 days within the colony was not infected. HAV was identified in the feces of most infected monkeys prior to the development of antibody and was antigenically indistinguishable from human HAV in cross‐blocking radioimmunoassays. This colony‐centered epizootic provides strong evidence that A trivirgatus is susceptible to HAV and should be investigated further as a potential model of human he

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExpressed breast milks (EBMs) were collected from mothers of rotavirus (RV)‐excreting babies and from mothers whose babies were RV free during an outbreak of asymptomatic RV infection in a newborn nursery to determine the role of lacteal anti‐RV neutralising activity, alpha1‐anti‐trypsin activity, and nonimmunoglobulin antiviral factor in protection of neonates from RV infection, and although all of the above factors were present in the majority of the EBMs, no correlation could be found between their presence in EBM and protection from RV infection. A significant rise in both neutralising activity and subgroup 2 antibodies, was demonstrated in the EBM of one mother who experienced a subgroup 2 RV‐associated diarrhoea during lactation. However, the alpha1‐anti‐trypsin activity and the nonimmunoglobulin antiviral levels remained the same. The importance of these factors in passive immunity with reference to virus dose

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRift Valley fever virus (RFFV) has long been a major pathogen of domestic animals and humans in sub‐Saharan Africa. In the last 5 yr it has been recognized that this agent not only causes a self‐limited febrile illness in humans but may also lead to fatal hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. In 1977 the disease invaded Egypt for the first time in recorded history, resulting in an extensive epizootic/epidemic and threatening additional spread into the Middle East. Because of this unprecedented geographical extension and the florid human disease associated with it, we have studied the pathogenicity of an Egyptian isolate (Zagazig Hospital 501) for laboratory animals. During the course of these studies, inbred rat strains were found to have three distinct patterns of response. Wistar‐Furth and Brown Norway rats were exquisitely susceptible to the virus and died with extensive hepatic necrosis 3 to 5 days after inoculation of only 5 plaque‐forming units (pfu). Lewis, Buffalo, DA, and Fischer 344 rats resisted subcutaneous infection with 5 × 105pfu. ACI and Maxx rats were moderately susceptible to the lethal effects of 5 × 103to 5 × 105pfu of the virus and died within 2 to 3 wk with encephalitis. These findings suggest that the genetic susceptibility of the host is responsible for the markedly different evolution of RVF in the rats. The clinical and virologic events following rat inoculation resembled the course of benign, encephalitic, or fulminant human disease. The inbred rat model may be useful in defining the critical determinants of severe human RVF and suggests that more attention should be directed to host genet

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for IgM antirubella were carried out on 1,546 sera, using an IgM capture method with a F (ab/)2conjugate (ACCA). Under the conditions described, sera containing IgM antirubella bound up to 15 times as much enzyme activity as negative specimens.Paired serum specimens from 27 patients, serial serum specimens from 6 patients, and single serum specimens from 15 patients who had had recent rubella were examined by the haemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) in the presence and absence of 2‐mercaptoethanol following sucrose density gradient centrifugation (SDGC). ACCA confirmed all the results found with HAI following SDGC. Specimens were examined from ten patients with congenital rubella; ACCA confirmed the results found with both immunofluorescence following SDGC and radioimmunoassay. Pre‐ and post‐vaccination specimens from 123 patients who had been vaccinated against rubella were examined. An IgM response could only be demonstrated in the 57 cases when IgG was absent in the first specimen.The specificity of the assay was confirmed by testing 31 serum specimens from rubella immune patients that also contained rheumatoid factor, 163 serum specimem from patients with acute infections other than rubella, and 12 serum specimens from infants with miscellaneous neonatal abnormalities other than congenital rubella. The ACCA proved a simple, sensitive, and specific test for IgM antirubella and the results compared favourably with those obtained by the SDGC te

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immunogenicity of three experimental hepatitis B vaccines was evaluated in chimpanzees. Although no antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) was detected in two chimpanzees that received an aqueous polypeptide vaccine subcutaneously, a strong anti‐HBs response was observed two and ten weeks, respectively, following challenge with hepatitis B virus. Inoculation of two additional chimpanzees with a micellar preparation of these polypeptides by the intravenous route resulted in anti‐HBs production in one of the chimpanzees. Two chimpanzees inoculated subcutaneously with an aqueous vaccine of formalin‐inactivated intact hepatitis B virus developed anti‐HBs in low titers, but the development of antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen following challenge inoculations suggested that subclinical HBV infections may have occurred despite prior va

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCellular response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to influenza antigens was measured in a group of young nurse‐student volunteers (17–24 years old), following vaccination with a formol‐inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (Gripax). Cord blood lymphocytes (controls) did not react with any of the antigens. This excluded the possibility of any nonspecific mitogenicity of viral antigens. Viability of the cells was indicated by their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Prior to immunization antigenic recognition to circulating strains (A/England (H3N2) and B/Hong Kong) was found in about 44% of the vaccinees; recognition of the recent strain A/USSR (H1N1) was found in only 10.5%. Following vaccination, approximately 80% of the subjects exhibited cellular response to all three vaccine strains. This includes the negative subjects, who showed an approximate 70% rate of conversion. There was no correlation between the antibody state and cellular response prior to and following vaccination as gathered from matched data of each partic

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY