摘要:

AbstractApproximately 104plaque‐forming units (pfu) of five temperature‐sensitive (ts) mutants of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus were administered intranasally to seronegative chimpanzees to evaluate their level of attenuation. When thets‐1 mutant was given to two chimpanzees, the pattern of viral growth and illness (rhinorrhea) was similar to that seen during wild‐type RS virus infection. Two further defective subclones ofts‐1,ts‐1 NG‐1 andts‐1 NG‐16, appeared more attenuated thants‐1 with respect to severity of rhinorrhea. Thets‐7 mutant infected the one animal tested; illness was similar to that induced byts‐1 or wild‐type virus. 104pfu of thets‐2 mutant failed to infect two chimpanzees; virus was not isolated, a serum antibody response was not detected, and unlike chimpanzees given the othertsmutants, these animals were not resistant to challenge with wild‐type virus. A 40‐fold larger inoculum ofts‐2, 105, 6pfu, infected each of four chimpanzees, but the peak quantity of virus shed was approximately 500‐fold lower than during wild‐type virus infection. Significantly, thets‐2 infected chimpanzees did not become ill, but infection did stimulate the development of RS virus serum neutralizing antibodies. The one chimpanzee given 107, 6pfu of thets‐2 mutant shed as much virus as the chimpanzees infected with wild‐type virus; however, there were no signs of upper respiratory tract illness. Owl monkeys resembled chimpanzees in shedding s large amount of virus and developing rhinorrhea following administration of wild‐type virus or thets‐1 mutant. Significantly, 105, 3pfu ofts‐2 infected only one of two owl monkeys tested, but a small quantity of virus (>10 pfu/ml) was shed. These observations suggested that thets‐2 mutant was the most attenuated vaccine cadidate strain tested, and that extent of infection withrs‐2 appeare

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive temperature‐sensitive (ts) mutants of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus (ts‐1,ts‐1, NG‐1,ts‐1, NG‐16,ts‐2, andts‐7), previously evaluated for infectivity and virulence in chimpanzees and owl monkeys, were also assayed for in vivo genetic stability. None of the five mutants tested was completely stable genetically. Thus, virus which had lost some or all of thetsproperty was recovered from each infected chimpanzee. Significantly, eachts‐1 NG‐1 isolate retained some degree of temperature sensitivity and hence was not true wild‐type virus. Clonal analysis of viruses shed byts‐1,ts‐1, NG‐1,ts‐1, NG‐16, orts‐7 infected chimpanzees indicated that in most instances only a minority of the virus shed was altered genetically. Of five chimpanzees infected with thets‐2 mutant, three shed onlytsvirus, and the remaining two chimpanzees shed onlyts+virus. Suchts+virus proved to be avirulent when evaluated in chimpanzees or owl monkeys, indicating that loss of thetsproperty did not restore virulence. Based upon these findings, thets‐2 mutant appears to be a suitable

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRat tracheal organ culture (TOC) supported replication of parainfluenza 1 (6/94) virus. Cell‐associated and cell‐free viruses were found after primary infection of TOC. In contrast to other mammalian systems, rat TOC was capable of maintaining 6/94 virus infectivity after primary infection. Rat TOC may be considered a potential indicator system that could be used to detect virus latent in human tis

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOver a seven‐year period, we monitored 221 patients with chronic hepatitis from two medical centers. By using the counterelectrophoresis (CEP) test to detect the presence of HBsAg and anti‐HBc, or both, we established that 87.7% of them had hepatitis B infection. Serum specimens originally found negative for HBsAg by CEP were further tested by reversed passive hemagglutination (RPH), and those originally found negative for anti‐HBc by CEP were further tested by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Five patients were anti‐HBc‐positive and HBsAg‐negative. No sex predominance was observed, but HBsAg incidence increased with increasing age. The HBeAg antigen was detected in 46.8% of the 161 cases tested for it; the most frequent subtype found wasadw(63.7%). The present findings indicate that HBV infection largely contributes to the development of chronic hepatitis in Argentini

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn mice treated with sodium aurothiomalate (myocrisin), prior to infection with Coxsackievirus B3, 90% of the animals died by the 11 th day postinfection (p.i.) A mortality of 10% was noted in mice receiving myocrisin only, and no deaths occurred in animals infected with virus alone.The highest amount of virus was recovered from the pancreas of myocrisin‐treated mice on day 3 p.i. This was over 500‐fold higher than the virus titer found in the pancreas of mice infected with virus only. Generally the titer of virus present in different organs was higher at every point in drug‐treated animals as compared to intact mice infected with the virus. A high and persistent viremia was present in myocrisin‐treated mice; in contrast a low viremia followed by virus clearance from the blood was observed in intact mice infected with the virus.The antibody response was studied in intact and myocrisin‐treated mice infected with the virus. In both groups, no neutralizing antibodies were detected on days 1, 2, and 3 p.i. On day 7 after infection, the titers of antibodies were 1:16 and 1:12 in intact and myocrisin‐treated mice, respectively.Administration of hyperimmune anti‐Coxsackievirus B3 serum 6 hours after infection protrected the myocrisin‐treated group of mice against lethal disease.The results of these studies suggest that (1) antibodies alone may not be sufficient to limit the spread and persistence of virus in natural infections and (2) in the absence of any apparent histopathological differences the increased multiplication of Coxsackievirus B3 could be the cause of death in myocri

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA thirteen‐year‐old boy with bilateral orchitis was diagnosed as being infected by Coxsackie A9 virus by isolation of the virus from a throat swab and a fecal specimen. Serologic investigations revealed the development of transitory specific neutralizing IgM antibodies against the isolate and of persistent antibodies belonging to the other immunoglobulin classes. An etiology of the orchitis by any of the infectious agents usually found with this condition could be exclu

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLittle is known about the immunoglobulin class of antibodies to HBcAg. In the present study sera containing anti‐HBc were fractionated by sucrose density‐gradient centrifugation, and all serum fractions were tested against HBcAg by immunoelectro‐osmophoresis. In addition selected fractions were examined by complement fixation test, immune adherence hemagglutination and immune electron microscopy. Anti‐HBc activity in IgG serum fractions was demonstrated by all four techniques used, but HBcAg‐specific IgM was detected only by immunoelectro‐osmophoresis and by immune electron microscopy. In acute hepatitis B, HBcAg‐specific IgM was detected for up to eight weeks after the onset of jaundice. It was also found transiently in two patients who developed chronic hepatitis B without an icteric episode and in one out of thirteen patients with HBsAg‐positive chronic liver disease, but in none of eight healthy HBsAg carriers. The results suggested that HBc Agspecific IgM is formed transiently in response to primary HBV infection but is generally undetectable in established

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of urea on plaque formation by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) was examined in two systems at concentrations within or approximating the range found in human urine. Approximately 7‐10 mg urea/ml, added 2, 4, or 8 hours after infection, reduced plaque formation by 50% in African green monkey kidney cells. The growth of this system was affected slightly by continuous treatment with urea at 7–10 mg/ml. Plaque formation was reduced in the monkey kidney system, albeit diminishingly, even after addition of urea 12 hours after infection. In the human lung fibroblast system, urea at 10 mg/ml reduced plaque numbers by 50% but depressed the growth of cells compl

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDirect interference by purified hepatitis B surface antigen or virus particles was not demonstrated in tissue culture. Significant levels of interferon were not induced. The surface antigen did not block the adsorption of other viruses.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890030201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY