摘要:

AbstractThe molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infections was studied in children with acute gastroenteritis in Uppsala, Sweden, during 1981. Altogether 118 virus strains were investigated by analysis of the RNA migration pattern in silver‐stained polyacrylamide gels. Six different electropherotypes were seen: two with “short” and four with “long” RNA migration patterns. Forty‐two strains (36%) exhibited “short” patterns. The seasonal distribution showed that strains with “long” and “short” RNA patterns cocirculated in equal frequency during the first seven months of the year, until the predominant “short” RNA electropherotype suddenly disappeared. More than 11 RNA segments were seen in two stool specimens. A complete correlation was found between the electrophoretic migration of segments 10 and 11 and the serological d

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was investigated by immunofluorescent antibody (IF) technique and by a biotin/avidin (BA) ELISA in 156 samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) obtained from infants and small children with acute respiratory disease. Of 70 RSV‐IF‐positive NPS, 68 were positive by BA‐ELISA. Of 86 RSV‐IF‐negative NPS, eight were positive by BA‐ELISA. BA‐ELISA could detect 0.5–1.0

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody was developed. The competitive ELISA was five times more sensitive than the complement fixation test (CFT) and twice as sensitive as indirect ELISA. Testing of paired sera from cardiac transplant patients taken before and after transplantation showed good correlation between results of competitive and indirect ELISA and CFT. The competitive ELISA was more successful than CFT or indirect ELISA in detecting passively acquired antibody, but detection of CMV antibody by competitive ELISA immediately after primary CMV infection was unreliable, possibly because of the high affinity of the monoclonal antibody chosen for the horseradish peroxidase conjugate. However, competitive ELISA may well prove to be more suitable than indirect ELISA for detecting CMV antibody in blood donation

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParainfluenza virus type 3 (para 3) was adapted to replicate at 20° C, a nonpermissive temperature for wild‐type (wt) para 3. Serial passage at 20° C resulted in the generation of cold‐adapted (ca) and temperature‐sensitive (ts) mutants. These mutant viruses have been characterized both in vitro and in vivo [Belshe and Hissom (1982): Journal of Medical Virology 10:235–242; Crookshanks and Belshe (1984): Journal of Medical Virology 13:243–249]. We now report the evaluation of three mutants (clone 1150, passaged 12 times in the cold [cp12], clone 1146, passaged 18 times in the cold [cp18], and clone 1328, passaged 45 times in the cold [cp45]) for their ability to protect hamsters from infection by wild‐type para 3. Ether‐anesthetized male syrian hamsters were intranasally vaccinated with either wt para 3 (clone 127) or one of the ca para 3 mutants and on day 28 postvaccination; each animal was intranasally challenged with 105.0pfu of wt para 3. On days 1, 2, 3, and 4 post‐challenge, 4 to 13 hamsters from each group were sacrificed, and the quantity of para 3 in the nasal turbinates and lungs was determined. Wt virus induced protection from challenge. cp12, cp18, and cp45 reduced the peak titer of wt replication in the lungs by>100‐fold, tenfold, and tenfold, respectively. The duration of virus replication was shortened also by intranasal vaccination with the mutants. These data give evidence of an inverse relationship between the degree of protection induced by vaccination with coldadapted mutants and the number of passages of th

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe diagnostic efficacy of an enzyme immune assay to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen in the urine of infected infants and children was determined, and the effect that CMV‐specific antibodies present in the urine have on the sensitivity of the test was ascertained. The antigen was detected in 84.4% of the CMV‐culture‐positive samples, while CMV‐specific IgA was detected in 24% of CMVculture‐positive specimens. The absence of CMV‐specific IgA correlated with detection of CMV antigen in the CMV‐culture‐positive urine spe

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing a direct enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we examined serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from six patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and control subjects for presence of measles‐virus‐specific IgM antibodies. All samples from the SSPE patients contained demonstrable titers of measles antibodies. The levels of measles IgM antibodies were higher in CSF diluted 1:5 than in serum diluted 1:50, reflecting a local production of IgM antibodies in the central nervous system. Antibody titers remained constant over the course of SSPE in three of the patients followed for three to six months. The IgM ELISA had high sensitivity as well as specificity and was not complicated by false‐positive reactions owing to the presence of rheumatoid

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix hundred and sixteen specimens were collected from black children hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis during the summer and autumn of 1982–1983 (October to May). Eighty‐five children (13.8%) shed rotavirus and at least 40 (6.5%) shed adenovirus (Ad) type 40 or 41 belonging to subgroup F. The highest monthly prevalence of shedding subgroup F adenoviruses (10.1%) coincided with a peak in admissions in midsummer, whereas the highest monthly prevalence of shedding rotaviruses (41.9%) coincided with a peak in admissions in autumn. There were at least five genome types of rotavirus, at least three genome types of Ad40, and at least five genome types of Ad41 circulating in the Johannesburg‐Soweto area during the study period. The high rate of rotavirus shedding in autumn could not be attributed to an upsurge in infections by any particular rotavirus s

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐three human sera collected from patients with preinvasive or invasive cervical carcinoma were analyzed for their repertoire of herpes simplex virus (HSV) specific antibodies reactive with individual viral HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 proteins. The reactivity was compared to that of sera from 27 control persons.The patients and controls were clinically and histologically characterized in a previous study we carried out, where the analysis of the HLA‐antigen pattern was compared among the groups [Vass‐Sørensen, 1984]. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that only a subset of the infected cell proteins was precipitable by the human sera. The major proteins identified in the polyacrylamide gels were the glycoproteins B and D, the ICP‐5 and ICP‐8. There was no difference between the results obtained with patients and control sera. Immunoblot analysis showed that a different subset of HSV proteins reacted with the human sera, but the variability among individuals was significant. Rank data showed that sera from both patients and controls reacted most frequently with proteins belonging to the “35‐family” [Braun et al, 1984]and with the glycoproteins B and

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparisons were made between standard methods of cell culture, indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using hyperimmune respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antiserum, and indirect IF using mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against various epitopes of RSV for the detection of RSV in nasopharyngeal aspirates. The monoclonal antibodies were used singly and in pools of different specificities which in turn were tested in both direct and indirect IF.In a preliminary study, aspirates from 227 infants were examined for RSV by standard methods. The results were compared with the detection of RSV in these aspirates using nine separate monoclonal antibodies and a pool consisting of five monoclonal antibodies. Respiratory syncytial virus was detected in 64 (28%) by cell culture, in 68 (30%) by indirect IF using bovine polyclonal antibody (BPA), and in 75 (33%) by indirect IF using the monoclonal antibody pool. The nine individual monoclonal antibodies when tested separately were less sensitive, detecting between 8 and 77% of all aspirates found to be positive by culture.After statistical analysis of the results obtained in the preliminary study, a refined monoclonal antibody pool was prepared and in a further study was tested by both direct and indirect IF in parallel with our two standard methods.Slides prepared from 303 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected between 1981 and 1984 and either tested the same day or stored at −20°C were used to evaluate these reagents. Overall agreement between the four tests was found in 274 (90%) specimens. Cell culture detected RSV in 68 (22%) specimens, indirect IF with BPA in 67 (22%), indirect IF with monoclonal antibody in 72 (24%), and direct IF with monoclonal antibody in 79 (26%). The pool of monoclonal antibodies used in direct or indirect IF was thus more sensitive than our standard methods for the detection of RSV in nasopharyngeal aspirates, and direct IF tests could be completed in 40 minut

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test using polyvalent antigens and antisera was used to detect Coxsackie B virus‐specific IgM responses in 329 patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, New Zealand over a 12‐month period. The sera of 30 of 153 (19.6%) patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 16 of 98 (18.4%) with chest pain, and 7 of 46 (15.2%) patients with arrhythmia were positive for Coxsackie B virus‐specific IgM. Four of 12 (25%) patients with heart failure were also positive. Over the same period, 178 sex‐ and age‐matched normal blood donors were also studied. Eleven of 178 (6.2%) matched blood donors were positive for Coxsackie B virusspecific IgM. The rates of occurrence of Coxsackie B virus‐specific IgM in patients with AMI and in a group of matched controls showed a significant difference (χ2= 5

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY