摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that in vitro infection with influenza A viruses altered several functions of human monocytes‐macrophages but did not detectably alter functions of human lymphocytes. However, both types of cells were infected, as determined by production and surface expression of viral antigens. In the current studies, human mononuclear leukocytes were infected in vitro and assayed for both influenza virus‐induced proliferation and mitogen (phytohemagglutinin [PHA])‐induced proliferation, as well as for ability to stimulate proliferative responses by normal autologous leukocytes. The leukocytes showed proliferation in response to the infectious virus, but concomitant depressed proliferative responses to PHA. Coculture experiments suggested suppression of PHA‐induced responses by the virus‐infected cells. However, upon coculture with fresh autologous leukocytes (without PHA stimulation), both virus‐infected macrophages and virus‐infected lymphocytes induced autologous lymphocyte proliferative responses. Altered proliferative responses to mitogen stimulation after exposure to the virus were not due to diminished interleukin‐1 production or diminished expression of HLA‐DR by monocytes‐macrophages. The expression of influenza virus antigens and resulting induction of autologous proliferative responses, combined with depressed mitogen‐induced proliferation, may be important in hu

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNegative staining studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been hampered by the fragile nature of the particles. Although detergent treatment is capable of releasing cores from HIV‐2 particles, these are unstable and do not retain morphological integrity. Addition of glutaraldehyde will stabilise these structures but, if used at too high a concentration, will destroy their antigenicity. This study shows that if both detergent and glutaraldehyde are used in correct proportions, antigenically reactive cores can be recovered from HIV‐2 cell cultures. More specifically we show that a mixture of 0.1% Nonidet P40 and 0.1% glutaraldehyde produces preparations of HIV‐2 cores that are suitable for immune electron microscopy. These cores reacted positively, that is, formed immune complexes, with both human HIV‐2 antisera and a mouse monoclonal antibody that, although directed against p24 (HIV‐1), reacts also with p2

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors found remarkable enhancement of Inoue‐Melnick virus (IMV) synthesis by 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) in human meningioma (MG‐1) cells, a virus‐producer line of type 1 IMV. Treatment with BUDR resulted in rapid and abundant synthesis of infectious IMV in MG‐1 cells. The titer of the cell‐associated virus in treated cells increased approximately 6.0 log 10 compared with that in untreated cells. Immunofluorescent antibody tests revealed that IMV‐associated late antigen was induced by BUDR in the cytoplasm of approximately 50% of treated cells. A clonal difference was also found in the enhancement of BUDR on the IMV synthesis in MG‐1 cells. The most remarkable enhancing effect of BUDR was observed in the clone C line, and a herpes‐type virus was detected by negative‐staining electron microscopy in the culture fluid of the clone

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenomic and phenotypic analysis of 30 influenza B viruses, isolated in Italy in 1984, antigenically closely related to the B/USSR/100/83 prototype virus, was carried out using T1oligonucleotide fingerprinting of total RNA and one‐dimensional peptide mapping. The results of fingerprinting analysis indicated an oligonucleotide spot homology of 90–96%, corresponding to a nucleotide sequence variation of only 0.75–0.3%. All the strains appear to belong to the same evolutionary line. Nevertheless, heterogeneity was found at the structural and antigenic level, when the viruses were compared by peptide mapping and monoclonal antibody analysis. No correlation between the biochemical variability of the viruses and the epidemiological characteristics of the different strains was established, which is consistent with the hypothesis that distinct variants, arisen at different times from a parental strain, co‐circulate during an epidemic, although the additional occurrence of random mutations during the evolution of the epidemic cannot be e

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCervico‐vaginal swabs and serum samples from 81 women without herpes‐associated clinical symptoms were examined for virus isolation and for the presence of IgA antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Nineteen of the 81 women were followed up for 2 years. Blood samples and swabs from cutaneous lesions were obtained from another group of 20 women (medical staff) with herpes labialis. By analysing the specific anti‐HSV IgA antibodies, a higher geometric mean titre (GMT) was found in women with positive HSV‐2 isolation (GMT = 380.03), as opposed to the GMT observed in women with negative HSV‐2 (GMT = 63.43) or positive HSV‐1 isolation (GMT = 55.15). Results from the longitudinal study also demonstrated that positive virus isolation always correlated with a marked rise in serum IgA anti

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe protein specificities of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies induced during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in 74 patients (4 weeks to 81 years of age) were investigated using the technique of immunoblotting. Although the pattern of antibody reactivity varied among patients, most of the humoral immune response in all age groups was directed against the 48, 42, 35, and 27 K proteins. An infant's own antibody response was discernible in 55 of the 57 children below 1 year of age, despite the presence of maternally derived antibodies. Antibody against the 90 K surface glycoprotein was not detectable in those less than 1 year of age. Primary RSV infection induced antibodies only against a subset of RSV proteins. Although a broadening of the antibody response occurred with increasing age and in the course of reinfection, an immune response to all the viral structural proteins was observed rarely.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe levels of Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV)‐specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies produced in 22 cases of varicella, 22 cases of cutaneous zoster, and 12 cases of acute aseptic meningitis due to VZV in the absence of cutaneous lesions, were measured by indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and compared with those observed in a group of 34 age‐matched controls. The definition of cutoff titres for each serological marker and combinations of them allowed early diagnosis of infection in 82% of varicella patients and 91% of patients with acute aseptic meningitis lacking cutaneous lesions on a single serum sample, the specificity being over 90%. The system was as sensitive as the demonstration of intrathecally produced IgG antibodies for the early diagnosis of the infection in 22 cases of neurological disease due to VZV. A working protocol for the serological diagnosis of VZV infections, using currently available EIA reagents, is desc

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera from patients with nephropathia epidemica (NE) or Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) were tested for specific antibody response to antigens of Hällnäs virus and Hantaan virus strain 76–118. A Vero E6 derived cell line persistently infected with Hantaan virus strain B1, and Vero E6 cells freshly infected with Hantaan virus type strain 76–118 were used as antigens in the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the immunoblot. Blots were prepared from whole cell lysates. The convalescent‐phase sera of NE patients tested in this study regularly revealed a marked reaction with a 52 kilodalton (Kd) protein of Hällnäs virus and a 50 Kd protein of Hantaan virus. A convalescent serum from a patient with Korean hemorrhagic fever and a rat antiserum against Hantaan virus could recognize the 50 Kd band of Hantaan virus but showed no apparent reactivity with the 52 Kd component of Hällnäs virus in the standard dilutions. Some sera could additionally identify minor bands in the 55 Kd and/or 67 Kd region of the blots. A one‐way cross reactivity between Hantaan and Hällnäs viruses was also evident from the results of the immunofluorescence assays in that NE convalescent sera reacted with both viruses, whereas KHF convalescent or anti‐Hantaan sera gave strongly positive results with Hantaan virus but only faint reaction w

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study investigated whetherC. callidus, a species belonging to theCalomysgenus, is capable of developing experimentally a persistent Junin virus (JV) infection. Newborn and adult cricetids were inoculated with the attenuated XJ‐Clone 3 strain of JV by intracerebral or mucosal route. The present results indicate that the species is susceptible to JV infection, capable of shedding virus chronically through saliva and developing a persistent infection as shown by the detection of virus in brain tissue at 60 days post infection. These findings, and the fact that this cricetid shares its distribution areas withCalomys musculinusandAkodon azarae, supportC. callidusas a potential JV reservoi

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDNA filter in situ hybridisation (FISH) was used to determine the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33 in cell scrapes of the cervix and vulva of 128 women who had precancerous lesions and/or HPV infection of the cervix diagnosed by cytology, colposcopy, and histology. HPV‐DNA was found in 87 (68%) vulval and 95 (74%) cervical cell scrapes, and in both the vulval and cervical scrapes of 73 (57%) women, but not in either the vulva or the cervix of 19 women (15%). Of the HPV‐DNA‐positive smears, the prevalence of the HPV types was 61% HPV 16/18, 14% HPV 6/11, 3% HPV 31/33, and 22% HPV 6/11 and 16/18. By contrast, HPV‐DNA was not detected in the cervical smears of a control group of 35 women who were assessed to be free of cervical abnormalities by colposcopy and cytology.The epithelial response of the vulva and the cervix to application of 5% acetic acid was assessed by colposcopy and the results correlated with the presence of HPV genotypes. A possible or definite disorder of the cervix and vulva was detected by colposcopy in 95 (74%) and 96 (75%) of the 128 cases, respectively. The colposcopic assessment of the vulva was inconclusive in ten cases (8%), and only eight women (6%) were found to be free of both a vulval and cervical disorder.This study shows subclinical papillomavirus infections of the vulva frequently coexist with HPV infections and precancerous lesions of the cervix. Careful colposcopic examination and greater attention to HPV infections of the vulva may improve the treatment and management of precancerous lesions and HPV infections of the cervix, and help to reduce their recurrence. Should new methods of treatment of HPV disorders be developed, vulval infections will need to be treated coincidentally with those of the

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890270311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY