摘要:

AbstractCy tomegalovirus (CMV), following primary infection, usually remains latent with the potential for reactivation and excretion in saliva and urine. The prevalence of CMV excretion has not been studied among the elderly. This study followed 54 nursing home residents (mean age 83 years and medically stable, but with a wide spectrum of medical conditions). Over a 6 month period these subjects were serially tested for viral excretion in saliva and urine and for CMV antibody. While approximately 93% of the residents tested were sero‐positive, indicating previous CMV infection, there was no evidence of viral excretion in any resident during the study period. Therefore, it is unlikely that the elderly nursing home residents will prove to be a source of CMV to the health care workers or to their family member

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious work in this laboratory showed that polyamine biosynthesis was stimulated in fibroblasts following infection with the AD169 strain of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) or with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) (Tyms et al: Biophysics Research Communications 86:312–318, 1979; Advances in Polyamine Research 4:507–517,1983). Here we compare the affect of AD169 on polyamine production in infected fibroblasts with that of the unusual Colburn strain of HCMV. The Colburn virus is unusual in that it was isolated from a 7 year old boy with encephalitis and molecular studies indicated the virus was simian like (Huang et al: Journal of Virology 26:718–723, 1978).As a consequence of CMV infection a two to ten fold increase in the spermine content of fibroblast cells is observed. Radiolabel transfer experiments show that spermine is synthesized throughout virus infection. Indeed, spermidine and spermine are specifically incorporated into the purified virions of the AD169 and Colburn strains of HCMV. Furthermore, polyamine biosynthesis is stimulated in fibroblast cells infected with a number of low passage clinical isolates of HCMV. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis in HCMV infection may provide a specific and novel target for antiviral chemoth

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIsrael has no official prevention policy at present against perinatal and horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in newborns and children at risk. The present study was designed to assess the prevalence of HBV carrier state in a population of 11,123 pregnant women at term. Among this population (mean age 29.7±5.9),98 women (0.88%) were found to be asymptomatic HBsAg+ carriers, and 97% of these carriers were anti‐HBe+. Evidence for HBV replication, as determined by serum HBV‐DNA, was established in 6.6% of the HBsAg+/anti‐HBe+ population. The HBsAg carrier rate was strongly influenced by religion, continent, and country of birth of the carrier mothers. The highest relative carrier rate was found among women of Moslem origin (4.3%), as compared to Jewish women (0.67%). Most carrier women were born in Israel (56.1%) to mothers who had emigrated from regions with intermediate or high endemicity of HBV, such as North Africa or the Middle East. In these groups, the HBsAg carrier rate ranged between 1.2 and 3.0%. Ninety‐three percent of newborns receiving passive/active vaccination against HBV developed protective levels of anti‐HBs. Finally, evidence for horizontal transmission of HBV was found in 19.3% of 83 non‐vaccinated children in families of HBsAg carriers. The present study therefore establishes HBsAg prevalence rates in specific risk groups of women at term and confirms the need for an official policy on immunization against HBV in Israel. Since over 50% of women at term belong to the defined risk groups, universal active vaccination of the entire newborn population each year is suggested as the most rational and needed poli

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera from 14 patients with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (anti‐LKM, positive) were investigated for evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Antibodies to HCV were detected in 13 patients by both commercial and “in‐house” ELlSAs and also by a second generation recombinant immunoblot assay. Nine of the 13 (69%) anti‐HCV positive patients were shown to be viraemic by a polymerase chain reaction‐based assay for serum HCV RNA. Neither anti‐HCV nor serum HCV RNA were detected in any of 6 controls with primary biliary cirrhosis or in 39 healthy blood donors. These findings strongly suggest a role for HCV in the pathogenesis of type 2 autoimm

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLive, attenuated F́ hepatitis virus was studied in vivo in Saguinus labiatus marmosets for possible reversion to virulence, for possible establishment of persistent infection and for its capacity as a parenterally administered vaccine to induce immunity to oral infection. Serial transmission of the virus in S. labiatus, using infectious stool extracts for the second and third passages, produced no evidence of reversion of the F́ vaccine virus to virulence. Monitoring for live HAV in stools over a 135‐day period postinoculation of marmosets with the F′ vaccine revealed no evidence of persistent infection. Vaccinated animals were also shown to be resistant to infection on challenge by the oral route as well as by the previously demonstrated parenteral

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn outbreak of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occurred from October 1988 to March 1989 in military camps in northern Ethiopia. The epidemic was waterborne and entirely confined to military men, of whom 423 hospitalized, icteric patients were studied. The clinical course was mild and short, without any fulminant hepatitis or death. All sera tested for anti‐HAV‐lgM were negative and among 54(13%) patients who were positive for HBsAg, 7(2%) were positive for anti‐HBc IgM. On the other hand, 28 of 30 (93%) patients had antibodies against hepatitis E virus (anti‐HEV) in contrast to 1 of 29 (3%) asymptomatic controls (P<0.01). The need for an easily available, inexpensive serologic test for HEV infection, protection of water supplies from fecal contamination, adequate chlorination and/or boiling of drinking water, and health education about personal and environmental hygiene, especially in communities at high risk, is emp

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental infection of three mouse strains with a non‐pathogenic mutant of Junin virus named C167 was compared with respect to the parental XJC13 strain. After intracerebral (ic) or intraperitoneal inoculation, XJC13 was highly virulent for 2 day‐old C3H/HeJ, OF1, and BALB/cJ mouse strains, whereas its derivative C167 was attenuated. Survival of the C167‐infected mouse was associated with a restricted replication at the site of inoculation which would impair spread of virus. Thus, the reduced virulence of C167 for suckling mice is independent of the mouse strain and the route of viral entry. When C167 was preinoculated ic I0 days before the challenge inoculation with XJC13 by the same route, mice were partially protected from lethal infection. Since neutralizing antibodies were first detected at 30 days post‐infection, an interference mechanism is postulated as a mechanism of protection of t

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect on cellular (c) oncogene RNA levels was investigate after infection of permissive cells with cell culture adapted strains (AD‐169, C‐87, Davis) and unadapted clinical isolates (82–1, 84–2, 85–1) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The results indicate that both adapted and unadapted strains of HCMV induce substantial increases in c‐oncogene RNA levels for fos, jun, and myc measured by Northern blot hybridization. Elimination of immediate early (IE) protein synthesis between 0 and 3 hrs or reduction of virus infectivity (99.99%) by UV‐irradiation did not reduce the increase in c‐oncogene RNA levels. Inhibition of viral and cellular protein synthesis by cycloheximide resulted in a high abundance (superinduction) of specific RNAs which hybridized to c‐oncogene probes after infection with either adapted or unadapted strains of HCMV. These data suggest that IE viral gene expression is not essential for activation of c‐oncogenes. Inhibition of DNA‐dependent RNA synthesis by blocking RNA elongation with actinomycin‐D or by inhibiting the activity of RNA polymerase II with alpha‐amanitin significantly reduced the increase in c‐oncogene RNA levels, suggesting that activation of cellular genes by HCMV is controlled at the level of transcription. Activation of c‐oncogenes by HCMV may be particularly important because their protein products appear to be involved in initiation and regulation of viral

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerological analysis of a group of 63 influenza H1N1 viruses isolated from pigs in Italy in the period 1976–1988 revealed the presence of two distinct antigenic subpopulations: some viruses possessed a haemagglutinin indistinguishable from that of viruses typically associated with pigs, i.e., A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1), whereas others showed a close antigenic relatedness with the haemagglutinin of avian‐like HI viruses. These findings represent further evidence that influenza A viruses from avian species may be transmitted to mammals. The surface and internal proteins of some of these viruses were also analyzed biochemically to evaluate the molecular relatedness among viruses circulating in nonhuman ho

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between serum antibodies to human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was studied in immunosuppressed adult organ graft recipients all of whom had IgG to both HHV‐6 and Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen (EBVCA) before operation and who had received an organ or organs from HHV‐6 seropositive donors. In primary CMV infection the titre of IgG to HHV‐6 rose substantially (between 32‐ and 512‐fold) in eight out of eight patients whereas JgG to EBVCA only rose 32‐fold in two patients. Moreover, the HHV‐6 responses coincided closely with the CMV seroconversion. Serum absorption studies gave no evidence for anti body cross‐reaction between CMV and HHV‐6 because the CMV antibody titre could be reduced specifically without affecting HHV‐6 antibody titres and vice versa. In recurrent CMV infection, HHV‐6 antibody levels rose (32‐fold) in three out of eight patients but these changes did not coincide with the CMV antibody response. Similarly, in the complete absence of CMV infection, five out of eight patients showed antibody rises to HHV‐6 (between four‐ and 16‐fold). IgG titres to EBVCA were stable in both these groups of patients. It is concluded that there is serological evidence (rising titre ≥ four‐fold) for genuine HHV‐6 reactivation or, alternatively, for reinfection in 16 out of the 24 patients. This phenomenon was most frequent in primary CMV infection where the largest HHV‐6 antibody responses were seen probably because of an, as yet, undet

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY