摘要:

AbstractThe temporal distribution and clinical severity of rotavirus VP7 serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 recovered from 427 Venezuelan children with acute gastroenteritis over a period of 11 years were studied. Rotavirus VP7 serotype was established by ELSA serotyping in 298 (69.78%) of the specimens while the serotype of the remaining 129 (30.21%) samples could not be determined. Of the specimens typed, 85 (19.90% of the total) were serotype 1, 43 (10.07%) were serotype 2, 105 (24.59%) were serotype 3, and 65 (15.22%) were serotype 4. Yearly changes in the frequency of individual serotypes were observed. The predominance of a single serotype with minor contribution from others was noted every year. In this study, serotype 1 appears to induce a less severe illness in comparison with serotypes 2, 3, and 4. No apparent association between the proportion of each serotype and the children's age were found.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe neutralizing (NT) antibody response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in seropositive pregnant women was evaluated to establish the role of protective humoral immunity in HCMV infections (reactivation) during pregnancy. Complement fixation (CF) antibody titers increased significantly in 54 (0.62%) of 8,663 seropositive cases tested during gestation. However, titers of NT antibody, when tested in the presence of complement (C′), increased as gestation progressed and exceeded 1:500 in most of the cases in whom the CF antibody titer had shown earlier an insignificant increase. When NT antibodies were tested in the absence of C′, insignificant increase in titers were found. The results suggest that the presence of high titer of NT antibody may play an important role in protective humoral immunity against reactivation of HCMV in pregnant women, and may also be effective in preventing intrauterine infection and modulating the severity of perinatal infection in offspring borne of HCMV carrier moth

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the direct detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) viremia is described. The amplification of specific HIV‐1 sequences ofgagandenvviral genes was carried out after the reverse‐transcription of plasma samples (plasma RT‐PCR) from seropositive subjects. The assay is faster and cheaper than detection of specific HIV‐1 transcripts from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by RT‐PCR. The data suggest that HIV‐1 viremia is detectable by plasma RT‐PCR in a large proportion of seroposit

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA nationwide hepatitis B vaccination program was launched in Taiwan in 1984. To study the impact of this ongoing program on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a follow‐up seroepidemiologic study was carried out in 1989 in a Taipei district where pre‐vaccination seroepidemiology had been studied. HBV markers were studied in 1134 apparently healthy children (619 boys and 515 girls) under 13 years of age between March and July 1989.The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children under 5 years of age decreased from 9.3% in 1984 to approximately 2% in 1989. A significant decrrease in HBsAg prevalence and hepatitis B core antibody in 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children who were not immunized against HBV showed that horizontal infection among the older children had also decreased. Thus, this program not only protected vaccinated subjects; the reduction in numbers of highly infectious young HBV carriers also contributed to a lower prevalence of hepatitis B infection and carrier rates in some older children. This study demonstrates that hepatitis B vaccination is effective in protecting the majority of children in hyperendemic areas from HBV infection and from becoming chronic

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of human T‐cell leukemia virus‐I and ‐II infection was studied in a cohort of 346 intravenous and nonintravenous drug users in Amsterdam. Three participants (0.86%) had antibodies to HTLV‐I by two commercially available HTLV‐I enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Infection in these three subjects was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation assay. In the immunoblot study, only two of the three subjects were considered positive, since the serum of the third subject had antibodies to p24 only. By means of the polymerase chain reaction two participants (male intravenous drug users infected with human immunodeficiency virus; HIV) appeared to be infected with HTLV‐I and one subject (a male nonintravenous drug user from Surinam) with HTLV‐II. It is concluded that HTLV‐I and HTLV‐II circulate sporadically among drug users in Amsterdam and that risky injecting behaviour, which led to an HIV epidemic among intravenous drug users, has not led so far to an appreciable transmission of the other retroviruses

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive HIV‐1 isolates were obtained sequentially from a single seropositive individual during the later stages of AIDS. Four of these isolates were adapted to grow in a continuous human T‐lymphocytic cell line. Comparative biological and biochemical studies of the virus isolates were made using persistently infected cultures or virus derived from these systems respectively. The data obtained clearly shows that viruses with different biological properties can be isolated from the same individual at different times during the course of clinical A

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐nine patients (62 sera) who, after interferon‐α therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, were seronegative for HBeAg and HBV‐DNA by dot blot hybridisation, were tested using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for residual viraemia. Overall, 59% of the HBsAg‐positive sera and 43% of the HBsAg‐negative sera were positive by PCR. All except one of the HBsAg‐negative patients had seroconverted to anti‐HBs. Between 13 and 18 months after therapy, 33% of the HBsAg‐positive and 20% of the HBsAg‐negative patients remained viraemic. Eighteen months after the end of treatment, no patient tested was positive. Twenty‐three patients were tested sequentially over periods from 1 to 43 months: Thirteen lost HBV‐DNA by PCR, three remained positive, five remained negative, and two patients relapsed. The merits and disadvantages of PCR for assessing interferon treatment of HBV

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating heterogeneous disorder lacking consistent, objective physical or laboratory abnormalities. Among the hypothetical etiologies for CFS are chronic viral infections. The present controlled seroprevalence study found that, among typical CFS patients, evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is uncommon. Only one of 36 patients and none of 14 controls were anti‐HCV positive. The positive patient had persistent aminotransferase elevations and prior posttransfusion hepatitis. Thus HCV infection is not a common feature of CFS and should not be routinely sough

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the Okinawa Islands, the great majority of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers have already acquired antibody to hepatitis Be antigen (anti‐HBe) by the age of 30 years (preliminary cross‐sectional data). To elucidate natural seroconversion from hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) to anti‐HBe among HBsAg carriers found in the islands of Okinawa Prefecture, 34 HBeAg‐positive HBsAg carriers were followed for 1–6 years with serial measurements of aminotransferase levels, HBeAg, and anti‐HBe. The 34 subjects included 24 patients with chronic hepatitis (group 1) and ten asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (group 2). During the follow‐up period, HBeAg disappeared from 14 subjects in group 1 with the cumulative clearance rate of HBeAg of 56.3% within the first 2 years and with 10 of the 14 subsequently developing anti‐HBe. Moreover, the aminotransferases in 12 of the 14 spontaneously seroconverted fell into the normal range. The annual clearance rates of HBeAg among group 1 and group 2 were 25.6% and 9.3%, respectively. The tendency for early disappearance of HBeAg during a carrier's life time or in the course of chronic hepatitis may lead to the low death rate from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) particularly HCC associated with hepatitis B virus infecti

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to polyomavirus JC were produced, and one was selected for use in immunofluorescence (IF) tests on brain material from patients with suspected progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML). The selected MAb (5. 12.2) reacted by IF with JC‐infected primary human foetal glial (PHFG) cell cultures (titre 1/200,000) but not with BK‐infected human embryo lung (HEL) fibroblasts (titre1/5 × 106) against JC virus but low (<1/5)against BK virus. A diagnosis of PML was confirmed on brain biopsy or at postmortem in four patients, two of whom were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In one of the patients, specific detection of JC virus antigen had not been possible using our routine high titred JC and BK human sera due to interference by JC antibody present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Viral antigen was, however, detected with the MAb 5

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890340211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY