摘要:

AbstractThe nucleotide sequences of the SH gene and its F gene flanking region were determined over a range of 322 nucleotides for two live vaccines, two vaccine‐associated isolates, six wild mumps viruses, and an attenuated mumps virus and compared to other sequences already published. Comparison revealed that the vaccine strains were clearly different from each other and the postvaccination isolates were different from the vaccines used. The viruses were assigned to three known cocirculating viral lineages. The attenuated mumps virus possesses nucleotide sequences identical to those of its progenitor Strain. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a prospective one‐year study of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children less than 2 years of age, in São Paulo (Brazil), adenoviruses were detected by specific enzyme immunoassay (El‐ARA) in 7 of 67 (10%) ill children and in 9 of 79 (11.4%) controls. They were the sole recognizable agent of diarrhea in 6 ill children. In another child these viruses were detected in a dual infection with astrovirus. Enteric adenoviruses (Ad40/41) were the most common serotypes detected in children with diarrhea (3/7) and Ad7 the sero‐type most detected in the controls (5/9), associated with lower respiratory tract infection. Thirteen adenovirus strains, isolated in HEp2 or HEK‐293 cells, were characterized by seroneutralization and restriction enzyme analysis. The established adenoviruses were typed as AV‐7‐D5 (five associated to lower respiratory tract infection and one to diarrhea), AV‐1‐D10 (one diarrhea case), AV‐31‐D2 (two controls with respiratory infection), and two isolates as AV‐12‐D7, a new genome type. One subgenus D isolate, sero‐type 28, with restriction patterns different from those of the prototype, remained untyped. Only one enteric adenovirus could be typed. The restriction patterns of this isolated were similar to those of the prototype AV‐41‐D1. The genome type of the other three enteric adenoviruses could not be dete

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of picobirnaviruses (PBVs) in human stools was investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of 832 fecal specimens collected between 1982 and 1993 from patients in various clinical groups. Similar prevalences (9–13%) were detected in patients with or without gastroenteritis and throughout the age range of 3 to>65 years. Two methods for the extraction of nucleic acid, a phenol/ chloroform method and a guanidinium thiocynate (GTC)/silica method, were compared. Detection of PBVs by PAGE was three times more sensitive following RNA extraction by the GTC/ silica method.Characterisation of three strains was carried out. Segment sizes ranged from 1.625 to 1.95 kilo base pairs (Kbp) and 2.2 to 2.5 Kbp for the fast and slow migrating bands, respectively. The nuclic acid was shown to be double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) by nuclease digestion. PBV‐like particles were detected by electron microscopy in two PAGE‐positive stools. Virion diameters ranged from 35 to 41 nm and a buoyant density of 1.38–1.4 g/ml in cesium chloride (CsCl) was demonstrated. These findings suggest that PBVs are widespread in humans in the United Kingdom. However, no disease association could be demonstrated. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV), a positive stranded RNA virus, is the main causative agent of post‐transfusion and sporadic non‐A non‐B hepatitis worldwide. Paired samples of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 11 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with α‐interferon (IFN) were tested, using a single step polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the presence of HCV RNA. Before treatment, the viral genome was detected in all the plasma samples and 81.8% of PBMC. After 3 months of treatment, HCV RNA was still present in 63.6% of plasma samples but in only 27.3% of PBMC. A good correlation was observed between serum alanine aminotransferase level normalisation and disappearance of the viral genome in plasma. Among the six responder patients, five relapsed shortly after IFN withdrawal; HCV RNA became detectable again, especially in PBMC. These results show the presence of HCV in PBMC from most patients infected chronically. IFN therapy had an inhibitory effect on viral replication in lymphoid cells, but frequent relapses observed after cessation of treatment with IFN suggested persistence Of HCV in these Cells. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG) responses were followed up to 6 months in patients with nephropathia epidemica (NE) by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a recombinant Puumala virus (PUU) nucleocapsid protein as antigen and an immunofluorescence test (IF) using PUU infected, acetone‐treated cells as antigen. The recombinant protein was produced by cloning and expressing the nucleocapsid encoding gene of PUU as a polyhistidine fusion protein inEscherichia coli. The product was purified over a metal chelating ion affinity column. On admission, all 17 patients had an IgM response by both methods. The IgM titers decreased significantly by both methods 3 months after onset (ELISA P<0.05 and IF P<0.05). Four of six still had detectable IgM, however at low levels, after 6 months. Presence of specific IgG differed significantly on admission between the two methods: by ELISA 8 of 17 had detectable specific IgG, whereas by IF 15 of 17 had specific IgG (P<0.02). There were 10 significant titer rises between acute and convalescent serum samples in the same patients by both methods. It is concluded that the IgG antibody response differs in the early phase of NE as measured by a method using a recombinant PUU nucleocapsid protein and a method using PUU infected acetone‐treated cells as antigens. Furthermore, the results suggest that it is of importance to rely on specific IgM for serodiagnosis of NE during the acute phase. © 1995 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) exhibits considerable sequence variability and circulates in the blood at extremely low levels. Current methods for detecting HCV RNA are based mostly on nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which part of the first amplification product is reamplified in the second tube by an internal primer pair. A novel nested PCR method was developed in which the two successive amplification processes are carried out in the same tube with a single step of physical manipulation. Careful selection of highly conserved sequences of the 5′ noncoding region as primers enabled successful detection of all three major genotypes circulating in France, including the one with variation in this region. Retaining high sensitivity of the conventional nested PCR, the novel method reduced greatly the risk of carry‐over contaminations. It was also cost‐ and time‐saving. The one‐step nested PCR method is especially suitable for routine diagnosis of HCV infection in clinical laboratories. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe serum of 88 chronic fatigue patients was screened for enteroviral specific sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The PCR method used was “nested” PCR targetting the 5′ nontranslated region of the enteroviral genome which yielded a final fragment length of 264 base pairs. Samples were obtained from patients during 1990–1991. In addition, buffy coat specimens and stool specimens were examined in some patients. Samples from two cohorts of comparison individuals were also obtained. The comparison groups were firstly, acutely ill individuals with symptoms consistent with a presumed enteroviral infection (matched by age, sex, and date of receipt of specimen) and secondly, healthy individuals (matched by age and date of receipt of specimen). Enteroviral specific sequences were detected in 36 of 88 serum samples from chronic fatigue patients, 22 of 82 acutely ill individuals, and 3 of 126 healthy individuals. The enteroviral PCR positivity did not correlate with any one particular feature of chronic fatigue nor did it reflect any history of illness at onset of fatigue, duration of fatigue, or age of patient. These results provide new evidence for the presence of enteroviral specific sequences in serum, buffy coat, and stool samples in many patients with chronic fatigue. This may reflect a persistent enterovirus infection in a proportion of chronic fatigue patients. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenotyping of 179 consecutive Japanese chronic hepatitis C patients was carried out based on the variation in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core gene. The results were correlated with clinical features and antibody responses toward specific HCV proteins deduced from the nucleotide sequence of genotype I/1 a. Genotypes II/1 b, III/2a, and IV/2b were identified in 138 (77%), 24 (13%), and 12 (7%) patients, respectively. Five patients had double infections. Genotype dependence was observed only for antibody response toward the NS4 (5–1–1) protein, which was infrequent in genotype III/2a patients (33%) compared with genotype II/1 b (81%;P<0.01) and genotype IV/2b (75%;P<0.05). Following interferon‐α therapy, sustained aminotransferase normalisation was achieved by 89% (eight of nine) patients without antibody to the 5–1–1 protein and 33% (17 of 51) with it (P<0.01). These findings indicate that absence of antibody response to the 5–1–1 protein is frequent in genotype III/2a HCV carriers and may serve to predict responses to interferon therapy. © 1995

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis B and hepatitis D viral genomes were tested by nested polymerase chain reaction in the serum and liver of 69 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative, anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive patients (47 with HCV RNA and 22 without HCV RNA). Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA‐was detected in 49% of the patients with HCV‐RNA and in 64% of those without HCV‐RNA. Furthermore, intrahepatic HBV‐DNA was found in four of five (80%) of the biopsies analysed. Delta genome was found in 72% and 73%, respectively, of the anti‐HCV positive patients with or without HCV‐RNA. In addition, intrahepatic delta virus genome was detected in another four liver biopsies studied. In the group of patients with HCV‐RNA, the simultaneous presence of hepatitis B and D genomes was statistically higher in transfused patients than in drug addicts, or in those with an unknown infection route (P<0.001). These results show a high percentage of B and D genomes in HBsAg negative patients with anti‐HCV, irrespective of the presence or absence of the HCV genome. However, the clinical implications of this finding should be examined in future studies. © 19

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Lanzhou, Western China was studied. HCV genotypes in 20 patients with HCV infection was determined by genotype‐specific primer for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on HCV core region and compared with the genotype assigned by sequence comparison and molecular evolutionary analysis based on the same region. Antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV) was present in 2.5% of volunteer blood donors and in 35.0% of paid blood donors (P<0.01). HCV infection is uncommon in patients with liver disease who attended liver clinics in this locality; 4.0% with acute hepatitis and 4.0% with chronic hepatitis, 10.0% with liver cirrhosis, and none with hepatocellular carcinoma were seropositive for anti‐HCV. Genotype 1b and 2a were both found to be prevalent. Together, they accounted for 19 of 20 (95%) patients with HCV infection. Sequencing of the HCV core region from two patients showed that the assignment of HCV genotype by genotype‐specific primers for PCR matched well with the genotyping results based on sequence comparison and molecular evolutionary analysis. These data showed that HCV is present in Western China, HCV infection is more common in paid blood donors, and HCV genotypes 1b and 2a are both prevalent in Western China. © 1995 Wiley

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890450211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY