摘要:

AbstractIn order to determine the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection of human white blood cells and different forms of HBV‐associated liver diseases, we tested for HBV DNA in the sera and leukocytes of 11 healthy individuals without any serological markers of HBV infection and 91 patients with HBV infection and other gastrointestinal and urinary diseases by dot and Southern blot hybridization. HBV DNA was found in leukocytes of chronic HBV carriers, in acute and chronic hepatitis, and in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Between 27 and 50% of individuals in different categories of patients examined were positive for leukocyte HBV DNA. HBV DNA was also detected in the sera of some of these patients but was absent in others. Serum HBV DNA‐positive rates seemed to be highest in hepatitis B e antigen‐positive asymptomatic carriers (8/10, 80%), and tended to drop to lower levels as the disease progressed to liver cirrhosis (0/8) while leukocyte HBV DNA‐positive rates were highest in patients with cirrhosis (4/8, 50%). The results also show that in individuals who were serologically negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positive for antibodies to HBsAg and/or HBcAg, HBV DNA was absent in most of the sera (27/28, 96%) but it was present in leukocytes of some of these patients (7/28, 25%). In control experiments with 11 healthy individuals, HBV DNA was not detected in either sera or leukocytes. In all the cases with leukocyte HBV DNA, the HBV DNA molecules were present in free forms with discrete sizes. The exceptions were a case of liver cirrhosis and a case of chronic hepatitis with possible HBV sequence integration into high molecular weight cellular DNA. Since HBV does infect human leukocytes, it may perhaps interfere with the immunological functions of the white blood cells, and thus play an important role in the pathogenesis of HBV‐induced live

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenome analysis was performed on 125 adenovirus isolates from conjunctival swabs of patients with conjunctivitis obtained in Glasgow between 1981 and 1984. A summer outbreak in 1981 was mainly due to species 3 adenoviruses, of which genotype 3GB and five different genotypic variants cocirculated. Three species 3 variants were also observed in 1982. The genome changes of variants were located on physical maps of the Ad3 reference strain and found to be clustered near the ends of the adenovirus DNA (including the fiber area), whereas the hexon coding region was unaltered.In contrast to the genome heterogeneity observed among the species 3 adenoviruses collected in Glasgow in 1981 it was found that all 69 Ad3 isolates obtained from an outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever in a boarding school near London during the summer of 1981 possessed the 3GB genotype.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe diagnostic significance of IgM antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) in healthy hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and in subjects affected by chronic hepatitis B was evaluated. IgM anti‐HBc was sought and found in all nine patients examined who were affected by acute HBsAg‐positive hepatitis. It was also detected in 2 out of 18 patients with HBsAg‐positive chronic persistent hepatitis and in 12 out of 42 patients affected by HBsAg‐positive chronic active hepatitis. The absence of this marker was noted in all 26 HBsAg healthy carriers and in the subjects with HBsAg‐positive cirrhosis.No relationship was found between the presence of IgM anti‐HBc and the degree of inflammatory activity in the patients with HBsAg‐positive chronic active hepatitis. A correlation was not found between the presence of IgM anti‐HBc and the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the same patients.These data show that the absence of IgM anti‐HBc may be useful in identifying healthy carriers of HBsAg. The presence of this antibody may be a suitable indication of acute HBsAg‐positive hepatitis.In patients with chronic active hepatitis B the presence of IgM anti‐HBc cannot be used as diagnostic tool in predicting the se

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe type specificity of 16 herpes simplex monoclonal antibodies was tested on 50 isolates previously typed by endonuclease restriction. A panel of antibodies was selected and used to type isolates from 50 primary and 50 recurrent genital infections. Sixty‐four isolates from 18 patients followed up for six months were subtyped by using a larger panel of monoclonal antibodies and predominant HSV1 and HSV2 subtypes were demonstrated. In addition to confirming recurrences, four possible reinfections were identified. Type‐specific differences in the location of viral antigens in infected cells were noted and a possible association of this finding with the type‐specific differences in rates of recurrence of genital infections disc

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn in vitro reactivation system for investigation of herpes simplex virus latency which is inexpensive, simple, and convenient to establish and operate is presented. The system is useful for investigation of compounds that may be involved in suppression or augmentation of herpes simplex virus reactivation. The uses of this model in exploring the mechanism of HSV reactivation, in screening for drugs which affect this process, and in testing their mode of action are discussed.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in interrupting perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus from carrier mothers to their babies. A four‐dose schedule was used. Eight of nine babies of e antigen carrier mothers became actively immune when immunisations were started within 48 hr of birth. Effectiveness was reduced if immunisation was delayed. This report includes results from a total of 32 babies, the longest period of follow‐up being 2 years. The success of this scheme is comparable to that of more intensive prophylaxis of immunoglobulin either alone or combined with vaccine and should be seriously considered for the babies of all hepatitis B carrier moth

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis A virus (HAV) shedding in the faeces, appearance of HAV‐Ag (antigen) in the liver, and development of humoral immunity to HAV have been studied in experimentally infected tamarins. The appearance of liver damage measured by transaminase elevation and histology, in relation to the above variables, suggests that the virus is not cytopathic and the immune system contributes to the production of liver cell damage. Preliminary data suggest that HAV replication may occur in the mucosa of the small intestine and in the live

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIgG subclass‐specific antibody responses to a human subgroup 2 rotavirus were studied in 26 children by ELISA by use of monoclonal antibodies specific to the four human IgG subclasses. One hundred twenty‐nine serum samples were obtained before, during, and after an episode of rotavirus‐induced diarrhoea in these patients. When these sera were investigated, an increase in IgG1and IgG3subclass‐specific antibodies was detected in all 26 patients. IgG3antibodies reached a peak concentration 1 week after rotavirus was detected in faecal samples and then progressively declined over the following months, whereas the peak concentration of IgG1subclass antibodies was found 2 months later and seemed to persist thereafter. IgG2rotavirus‐specific subclass antibodies were never found and IgG4subclass antibodies were detected only in sera from seven of the 26

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred twenty strains of adenovirus types 1, 2, 5, and 6 (subgenus C), isolated at various times and places, were tested by neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition with two antisera of each type. Except for one type 5 strain they reacted largely type‐specifically in both tests and neither qualitative nor quantitative differences were observed. Serologically intermediate strains were not found. The antigenic homogeneity is in contrast to the heterogeneity of the genomes of subgenus C adenoviruse

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn nature, the cricetidCalomys musculinusis the principal host of Junin virus, the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. In the experimental infection, adultC. musculinussurvived whereas newborns died after intraperitoneal inoculation with the XJ.Cl3strain of Junin virus. The role of peritoneal macrophages in this age‐related resistance was studied.Junin virus multiplied in cultivated macrophages from either neonatal or adult animals and, therefore, it was not possible to correlate the susceptibility of peritoneal macrophages to Junin virus infection with the age‐dependent resistance. When adult and neonatal animals were treated with silica prior to Junin virus infection, deaths occurred in the adults, while a delay and decrease in the mortality rate were observed in neonatals.These results suggest that in neonatalC. musculinusmacrophages could be permissive cells for Junin virus multiplication, whereas in adult cricetids, these cells would act as a barrier against viral infection by means of an extrinsic antiviral activ

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890180311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY