摘要:

AbstractA commercial latex agglutination test for diagnosis of adenovirus in diarrheal disease (Adenolex, Orion Diagnostica, Finland) was evaluated by comparison with the results obtained by ELISA, electron microscopy (EM), and virus isolation. Fifty specimens originated from the diagnostic routine, and 50 were selected from a previous epidemiological study on the etiology of diarrheal disease in children. Thirteen of the 100 specimens reacted with the latex control, impairing interpretation of the results. Although the ELISA detected adenovirus antigen in 102higher dilutions than the latex agglutination test, a total agreement was obtained between results by the two tests for 87 specimens including 42 positives. The two additional positives found by EM and virus isolation could not be diagnosed by the latex agglutination test. Of 37 specimens containing enteric adenoviruses (types 40 and 41), the agglutination test diagnosed all but 4 specimens containing type 41 virus. These four specimens were negative also by ELISA and adenovirus had been detected by virus isolation on the 293 cell line. The latex agglutination test gave positive results with nine specimens containing adenovirus types other than the enteric types 40 and 41.The latex agglutination test was found to be a rapid and simple method for the detection of adenovirus in diarrheal disease. Compared to ELISA and EM, the sensitivity was 100% and 95%, respectively, and the specificity 100%.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNaturally occurring varicella was observed in a young gorilla in captivity. The isolate was demonstrated to be varicella‐zoster virus by restriction enzyme analysi

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the primary etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This virus can be transmitted by blood or blood products. Homosexual males (HM) are regarded as one of the high‐risk groups for AIDS. Lymphocytes obtained from HM were used for cocultivation with fresh HIV antibody negative lymphocytes. The presence of virus particles was monitored by reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. Three out of eleven donors were found to have reverse transcriptase activity. All three donors were also found to be HIV antibody positive. HIV DNA from infected cells was detected by dot blot hybridization. The number of genome per cell is low. The correlation between RT activity and the cytolytic effect of HIV will be discusse

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBKV specific humoral and cell mediated immunity was examined weekly in 19 allogeneic BMT recipients and correlated with the occurrence of BKV shedding. Responses to staphylococcal antigen (SPL) and tetanus toxoid (TET) were measured as specificity controls. Responses and virus shedding were assayed weekly for up to 15 weeks after BMT. Fourteen of 19 patients enrolled in this study were immunized with TET on the day of transplant. Significant rises in TET specific IgG were observed in TET immunized, but not in unimmunized, subjects. Similarly, TET specific lymphoproliferative responses were observed only in TET immunized subjects when they emerged from aplasia 3 to 4 weeks later. In contrast, all subjects had positive lymphoproliferative responses to SPL, an antigen derived from a ubiquitous agent. All subjects were assayed weekly for the presence of BKV in the urine as detected by ELISA. By 15 weeks, 11 (58%) of these patients shed detectable quantities of BKV antigen at least once. Subjects who excreted BKV (BKV +) maintained BKV specific IgG at pretransplant levels, whereas levels steadily declined in those who did not (BKV‐) (p<0.001). Lymphoproliferative responses to BKV, TET, and SPL antigens were not significantly different across time or between excretion groups. The temporal relationship of BKV shedding and the expression of BKV specific immunity was investigated by examining average responses measured in 5‐week intervals surrounding positive and negative antigen detection assays. Both BKV specific IgG and BKV specific lymphoproliferative responses were higher (1.8 fold, p<0.005 and 2.5 fold, p = 0.06, respectively) surrounding positive detection assays. These findings indicate a strong association between BKV excretion and the development of indicators of virus specific immunity following

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVirus‐specific serum IgM, IgA, and IgG were detected by ELISA in sera obtained from children with rotavirus gastroenteritis and fractionated by gel filtration. Specific IgM and IgG could be easily demonstrated, whereas IgA were very low. Moreover, polymeric IgA (p‐IgA) were not present, whereas in the immune response against viruses causing systemic infections, they are synthetised in large amou

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn unusual human rotavirus (HRV) isolate, designated AU‐1, has a “long” RNA electrophoretic pattern and subgroup I specificity, in contrast to properties common to HRVs previously isolated. Hemagglutination activity of the AU‐1 strain was demonstrated using erythrocytes of 1‐day‐old chicken. Neutralization assays revealed that the AU‐1 strain was crossneutralized by hyperimmune antisera against the MO strain (serotype 3). However, antiserum directed against a reassortant in which the gene for Vp7 was replaced by the corresponding AU‐1 gene neutralized the AU‐1 strain to a significantly higher titer t

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNoscomial gastroenteritis in a 315‐bed hospital for children was examined prospectively from January 11 through May 31, 1985. There were 85 cases of nosocomial diarrhea during the study period, and these were identified on each of the 13 hospital wards. Rotavirus was identified in 40% of cases. Incidence of nosocomial rotavirus was highest on wards where most children were less than 2 years of age, except for the infectious diseases (isolation) ward (0.24 versus 2.30 cases per 100 admissions, p= 1.70 × 10−4, Fisher exact test). The lower incidence on the infectious diseases ward occurred despite the greater potential for exposure to rotavirus, since 70% of children admitted with community‐acquired rotavirus diarrhea were placed on the infectious diseases ward. Better infection control, especially hand washing, aided by the structure of the infectious diseases ward, may have been responsible for this diff

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman parvovirus B19 commonly infects children, causing erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). However, there is a significant adult population which has not been exposed to the virus and, consequently, does not have protective antibody. Recent reports have associated B19 infection during pregnancy with fetal death, although normal outcome of pregnancy is more common. To characterise further the role of B19 infection in fetal deaths, a series of laboratory investigations has been undertaken on tissues obtained at autopsy. These have demonstrated the presence of virion‐sized DNA by Southern blotting, viral antigen by radioimmunoassay, and viral particles by electron microscopy, all from tissues of hydrops fetalis. These data confirm that the human parvovirus B19 can cross the placenta and replicate in fetal tissue

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe describe an outbreak of gastroenteritis, which lasted for 22 days in a residential home for the elderly. The outbreak was biphasic and affected 34/42 (80%) residents and 13/29 (44%) members of the staff. Calicivirus was associated with cases of illness during the first 9 days of the outbreak, and astrovirus type 1 with cases arising between days 16 to 22. Although the symptoms were generally mild, the resources required and the inconvenience caused were considerable.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was first isolated in cell cultures from the oropharynx, which is thought to be a site of primary infection. Although HCMV can be recovered from the oropharynx during reactivation phases, its exact site of latency is not known. In the present study we demonstrated evidence suggesting the presence of latent HCMV in this anatomic region‐in the palatine tonsils.Samples from 30 tonsils obtained by tonsillectomy were screened for the presence of HCMV. Out of the 30 tonsil donors, 23 were seropositive for HCMV.Three methods were used in attempts to demonstrate HCMV's presence in the tonsils: (1) viral isolation attempts on various cell cultures, (2) immunohistochemical staining‐immunoperoxidase method‐designed to detect viral antigens, and (3) DNA dot hybridization with a HCMV‐DNA probe designed to detect viral DNA.Neither infectious HCMV nor other viruses were isolated in cell cultures. No viral antigens were detected by immunoperoxidase staining in the tonsillar tissue.Four out of the 30 tonsils studied were found to contain viral DNA. In one case in which the tonsillar mononuclear (MN) fraction was separted from the polymorphonuclear (PMN) fraction, only the first fraction contained the vi

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890230411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY