摘要:

AbstractThe development of a model of induced recurrent herpes simplex virus disease would facilitate studies of the mechanism(s) responsible for reactivation of latent virus. The guinea pig model of genital herpes is characterized by a selflimited primary infection, the establishment of a latent infection in sensory ganglia, and the subsequent development of spontaneous recurrent genital infections. This study reports that exposure of latently infected female guinea pigs to ultraviolet radiation results in the induction of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections in approximately 60% of animals. Furthermore, there was a dose‐response relationship between ultraviolet irradiation and ability to induce recurrent disease. This model should prove useful in further investigations of the pathophysiology of herpes simplex infection

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty children born to mothers seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) followed‐up to 15 months after birth were studied by means of serum antibody patterns to individual viral polypeptides, by the presence of detectable levels of viral core antigen (p24) and virus in serum and peripheral blood lymphocytes, and by total lymphocyte counts and T4/T8 lymphocyte ratios.The results obtained indicate that a persistent antigenemia is significantly associated with positive virus isolation from peripheral blood lymphocytes and with changes in the intensity of antibody reaction to core (p24, p17) and pol (p31) antigens.Six children (15%) presented unequivocal signs of HIV‐1 infection and five also had signs of immune system involv

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith virus‐infected autologous and allogenic mononuclear cells as specific targets, the development of cell‐mediated cytotoxic reactivity to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in groups of infants with acute RSV infection and in other control groups of subjects during a community outbreak of RSV infection. No RSV‐specific cellular cytotoxicity was observed in cord blood lymphocytes and in other uninfected controls. The PBL of infants with acute RSV infection exhibited significant cellular cytotoxic response. The activity peaked early, usually within 1 week after'infection. The response appeared to be age‐dependent. Over 65% of infants 6–24 months of age and about 35–38% of infants under 5 months of age exhibited cellular cytotoxicity to RSV. Cellular cytotoxic reactivity was observed against autologous and less frequently against allogenic RSV‐infected target cells. These findings suggest the appearance of virusspecific cell‐mediated cytotoxic immune response after acute RSV infection. The development of cellular cytotoxic responses may play a role in the mechanisms of protection against or the pathogenesis of RSV i

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe sources of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in seropositive renal transplant recipients include reactivation of latent endogenous virus in the recipient, reactivation of latent virus in donated kidney, or both. If infection occurs by either source, viruses isolated from the same recipient should be the same strain, whereas if it occurs by both sources, those from the same recipient should be different. In this study, we followed prospectively 25 seropositive recipients who predominantly received a kidney from a seropositive donor to determine whether CMV isolates recovered repeatedly from them are the same or different. During an average 10 month follow‐up period, six (24%) patients had excreted the virus more than twice at any site and/or at different times. Restriction enzyme analysis of viral DNA prepared by the Hirt procedure revealed that three or four isolates obtained from each of five patients were same, whereas six isolates from one patient included three different strains. Five of six patients had clinical symptoms at the times when CMV was recovered. Three patients with acute rejection and one patient with hepatitis had been infected with one single strain, and all were successfully treated. One patient with fever and acute rejection had been infected with three different strains, and he failed to recover his renal function. These results suggest that most CMV infections in seropositive recipients may be caused by one single strain. However, multiple infections with different strains can also occur. Such infections are associated with more severe clinical diseas

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe describe a patient with the clinical characteristics of Guillain‐Barré syndrome, including progressive ascending paresis; cerebrospinal fluid albumino‐cytological dissociation; polyphasic small evoked potential, with prolonged latency and slow motor nerve conduction velocity; and active denervation pattern on electromyography, in association with acute delta hepatitis virus superinfection. The patient recovered from Guillain‐Barré syndrome but developed chronic active delta he

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDNA from 98 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) biopsies was screened, using the Southern blotting hybridization technique, for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35. HPV 16 was detected in 16 biopsies (16%), HPV 33 in eight biopsies (8%), HPV 31 in two biopsies (2%), and HPV 18 in one biopsy (1%). One of the biopsies contained both HPV 31 and 18. Six biopsies (6%) contained an HPV type very similar but not identical to HPV 16, and 35 biopsies were positive for HPV, but thePst1 restriction fragments were distinct from any of the HPV types used as probes. HPV was not detected in 32% (32/98) of the biopsies screened.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVirus‐like particles (60–70 nm) with spiked surfaces budding into cell vacuoles and rod‐shaped inclusions were detected in nuclei of hepatocytes from a British patient transplanted for sporadic non‐A, non‐B fulminant hepatitis (NANBFHF), probably contracted in Kenya. Identical particles were seen in two successive grafts (days 2 and 10) at regrafting for recurrent FHF. Ultrastructural features resembled those of the RNA‐containing arbovirus, Rift Valley fever virus, but serological markers against a representative panel for arboviruses (Togaviruses) and transmission in mice proved negative. The particles shared features with the different arboviruses seen in the hepatectomy specimen of a second patient with NANB‐FHF, and in both patients an insect vector was implicated in the clinical history. The particles were identical in size to those of a third patient with NANB‐FHF, who had remained in the United Kingdom. These findings, together with the recent report of isolation of an RNA‐containing virus resembling the Togaviridae, in parenteral NANB, suggest that several exotic virus‐like agents resembling the arboviruses may be involved in the aetiology of NANB, including in the sporadic forms of FHF in

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe membranes of hepatocytes and the pre‐S2 envelope protein of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) contain binding sites for polymerized human albumin, which is thought to act as a link between HBV and hepatocytes. Hence, anti‐pre‐S2 antibodies should prevent HBV uptake by the liver, and there is indeed preliminary evidence that they protect chimpanzees from HBV infection. To evaluate whether a plasma‐derived vaccine containing the pre‐S2 sequence induced an antipre‐S2 response in 105 vaccinated hemophiliacs, anti‐pre‐S2 was measured in parallel with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs). Eighty‐five percent of the hemophiliacs had both anti‐pre‐S2 and anti‐HBs when vaccination was completed, 13% had anti‐HBs alone, and 2% (two cases) had anti‐pre‐S2 alone. Eighty‐seven percent of anti‐pre‐S2‐positive hemophiliacs compared with only 50% of anti‐pre‐S2‐negative hemophiliacs (P<0.001) developed high anti‐HBs titers (≥ 1,000 mlU/ml). This study demonstrates, therefore, that the antibody responses to the S and pre‐S2 regions of HBV may be dissociated after vaccination in hemophiliacs and that higher anti‐HBs tit

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparison of immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and isolation in tissue culture (TC) for detection of respiratory viruses was performed on 496 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children under 5 years of age with lower acute respiratory infections who were receiving attention at three hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. All samples were tested by the three methods for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, adenovirus, and parainfluenza 1 and 3. Viral diagnosis was made in 167 samples (33.7%); of these, 124 (74.3%) were isolated in TC, whereas 120 (71.8%) were detected by ELISA and 127 (76%) by IF. RSV was detected in 121 samples, mainly by ELISA and IF. The sensitivity and specificity of each rapid technique as compared with isolation in TC were similar, reaching 98% and 92%, respectively. When ELISA was compared with IF, the sensitivity was 95%, and the specificity was 98%. Adenovirus was detected in 18 patients by TC. For this virus, rapid techniques sensitivity as compared with TC was low (almost 22%). Parainfluenza 3 was readily detected by IF and TC; influenza A, B and parainfluenza 1 were detected in few samples; and tissue culture proved more efficient than rapid techniques. The results indicate that both rapid techniques are good tools for the detection of most respiratory viruses except for adenovirus, for which TC cannot be omitte

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA total of 41 stool rotavirus specimens collected from children with acute diarrhea at four different locations in Akita Prefecture, Japan, during the peak of the winter diarrhea epidemic in 1988 were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral RNA in conjunction with subgrouping assay. We found that a single strain predominated, with cocirculating strains with less common electropherotypes at a given location, and that two different strains could predominate at geographically close but different locations even during a very limited time of the epidemic season. Furthermore, we isolated a human rotavirus strain (AU125) that was similar to the AU‐1 strain in that it possessed a long RNA pattern yet belonged to subgroup l. Genetic analysis by RNA‐RNA hybridization assay indicated that the AU125 strain was distinct from two previously identified human rotavirus gene groups (genogroups) represented by the Wa strain (subgroup II with long RNA electropherotype) and the DS‐1 strain (subgroup I with short RNA electropherotype), but was very closely related to the AU‐1 strain. These data suggest that the genetic diversity of human rotaviruses may be more extensive than was previously

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY