摘要:

AbstractTwenty homosexual men [13 anti‐human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive, seven anti‐HIV negative] without HBsAg, anti‐HBs, and anti‐HBc were vaccinated with three 20 μg doses of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. All anti‐HIV‐positive homosexuals were nonresponders independent of the initial number of CD4‐positive cells. Among seven anti‐HIV‐negative individuals, five responded. After three doses of the vaccine, CD4‐positive cells fell in anti‐HIV positive individuals by 22.4%. A similar fall in CD4‐positive cells of an average 24.9% was noted in 17 matching, but nonvaccinated, anti‐HIV‐positive homosexuals. The study indicates that the efficacy of vaccination in anti‐HIV‐positive individuals is questionable. There is, however, no evidence that vaccination against hepatitis B might be har

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to amplify human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) directly from urine specimens taken from renal transplant patients. In serial urine samples from patients who had at least one specimen positive for HCMV; the PCR assay consistently detected the presence of HCMV DNA sequences, whereas virus detection by other tests such as enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), nonradioactive DNA hybridization assay, and virus isolation were variable. Of 37 specimens positive by PCR, 36 were positive by either ELISA, hybridization assay, or virus isolation. Infectious virus was detected in 13 of the 37 PCR‐positive urines. HCMV DNA was detected by PCR in all samples that were positive for HCMV by either hybridization assay or virus isolation. The viral genome copy number was determined by PCR assay for several urine samples that were positive by virus isolation but negative for HCMV by ELISA or hybridization assay. Viral genome copy number estimates indicated the presence of HCMV at very low levels in these urines verifying the fidelity of the virus isolation procedures. The consistency of the PCR assay makes it an ideal method for detection of infection and monitoring antiviral drug therapy in patients infected with H

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCoronavirus‐like particle(s) (CVLP) are faecal‐derived pleomorphic membrane bound virus‐like particles characterised by a fringe of clubshaped spikes that measure about 27 nm in length. The association of CVLP with a variety of social, clinical, and epidemiological factors was examined after a 69 month survey of faeces received for routine testing at an infectious diseases hospital. CVLP was found most commonly in three groups: first, intellectually retarded individuals who were usually inmates of institutions; second, recent overseas travellers who were either Indochinese refugees/immigrants or were overseas travellers who had usually visited developing communities for lengthy periods; and, third, male homosexuals who had a history of multiple sexual contacts and/or venereal disease. It was concluded that the excretion of CVLP had a strong association with unhygienic living or working conditions irrespective of any clinical symptoms the individual might

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract3′‐Azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine (AZT) inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blocking the formation of the phosphodiester bond and has been used clinically for the treatment of HIV infection. To assess the effect of AZT on the replication of hepadnaviruses, which replicate through reverse transcription, both the liver tissue and primary cultured hepatocytes from ducklings previously infected with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were examined for DHBV DNA before and after the treatment with AZT. We did not observe suppression of DHBV replication at any doses in our system as measured by viral DNA synthesis in infected duck hepatocytes. The data strongly suggest that AZT has no inhibitory effect on DHBV reverse tran

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeventy‐one human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV‐1)‐positive patients were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus isolation, and antigen detection for the existence of HIV in blood. The identification of HIV DNA by PCR, using three different pairs of primers, yielded a clearly higher detection rate (86%) than with two primer pairs (75%) and was far more sensitive than virus isolation (45%) and antigen ELISA (14%). The PCR‐negative results were clearly correlated to asymptomatic clinical stages. However, there was a limited correlation between the clinical stage of disease and the amount of HIV DNA that could be detected in equal numbers of CD4+cells from different patients, which might be due to their treatment with azido‐thymid

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple, rapid and efficient procedure of virus concentration from urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and feces was developed. Pig erythrocyte ghost cells were used to adsorb and elute such viruses as poliovirus LSC‐1, echovirus 6, and human rotavirus (clinical isolate). In urine and CSF, the adsorption efficiency range was 80–100% and elution was from 85% to>100%. In addition, poliovirus LSC‐1 was used as an experimental model to examine this procedure under various clinical conditions, such as calcium, glucose, amino acids, and urea at high concentrations. These were added to normal urine specimens to simulate pathological conditions. The results suggest that pig erythrocyte ghost cells are an efficient matrix for adsorption and elution of enteric viruses found in clinical specimens of urine, CSF, and feces. This method might be useful in virus concentration from clinical specimens and for preparative microscopy and other clinical laboratory methods that require subsequent virus concentr

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe small and the middle surface proteins of hepatitis virus form either the virion or the 22 nm particle both of which are secreted. The large surface protein by itself remains cell bound in artificially transfected cell culture unless it is accompanied by an excess of the smaller proteins. Its behavior in vivo is not yet well studied. Using specific monoclonal antibodies for immunoblotting, we found an abundance of small surface protein in the serum of chronic virus carriers and moderate amounts in the liver irrespective of viremia. The large surface protein was present in the serum and the liver of viremic carriers. In nonviremic carriers, the large protein was absent from serum, but in the liver a shorter form of the large protein was readily detectable. These findings suggest a complex regulatory mechanism of the viral surface protein depending on the expression of other viral gene products.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of azidothymidine (AZT) on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication was determined in three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Serum viral DNA was present, and its concentration either remained the same or increased in two patients. Since AIDS patients may be infected with a variety of viral agents in addition to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the effects of the antiviral agents and biological modifiers on other common viral infections should also be determined in developing new approaches to HIV infection. Our results give preliminary evidence that AZT does not affect HBV viral replication in vivo.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study describes the evaluation of a newly developed ELISA for the direct detection of rhinovirus antigens in nasal washings. Of 54 volunteers inoculated with 100 TCID50of human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV‐2), 50 (96.6%) and 32 (59%) excreted antigen and virus on at least 1 of 3 days investigated, respectively. Thirty‐three (61%) had significant rises in rhinovirus‐specific IgA by ELISA. Twelve (22%) developed symptoms of colds. Generally the ELISA detected antigen more frequently in volunteers later in the course of infection and provided evidence of infection in a higher proportion of asymptomatic compared with symptomatic volunteers. On the other hand, virus isolation detected virus more frequently earlier in the course of infection and in a higher proportion of symptomatic compared with asymptomatic volunteers. We conclude that rhinovirus antigen detection by ELISA is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and practical test to diagnose a rhinovirus infection and potentially a viable alternative to virus isol

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have demonstrated the expression of proteins arising from the E5a and E5b open reading frames (ORFs) of human papillomavirus type 6c (HPV‐6c) in respiratory tract papillomata. Recombinant plasmids were constructed to express the ORFs in the bacterial vectors pATH and pRIT2T. Fusion proteins were purified and injected into rabbits to produce polyclonal antibodies. Characterized antibodies generated against these fusion proteins were used in immunoperoxidase assays to identify the presence and distribution of HPV‐6 E5 proteins in biopsy specimens of respiratory tract papillomata. The results showed that the E5a and E5b proteins were distributed throughout the thickness of the epithelium in the papillomata but not in the basal layer. The proteins were found in nuclei and in the cytoplasm of koilocytotic cells. Positive reactivity with a similar distribution in the epithelium and subcellular location was obtained in papillomata induced by other HPV‐6 subtypes. This cross‐reactivity was not unexpected, since nucleotide and amino acid (aa) sequence comparisons between HPV‐6c and ‐6e demonstrated 79% sequence identity with 15 aa substitutions in the 91 aa of E5a. The E5b ORF of HPV‐6c has the potential to encode a protein of 74 aa that differed at 28 positions compared with the 72

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890290411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY