ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200412

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sensitive microtitre radioimmunoassay was developed for detection of IgM antibodies to delta antigen. The assay was based on the selective binding of IgM from test sera to antihuman IgM (u‐chain specific) fixed to wells of a microtitre plate, and utilized delta antigen extracted from the liver of an experimentally infected chimpanzee. This test proved to be useful in distinguishing between coinfection and superinfection with the hepatitis delta virus (HDV). Transient anti‐delta IgM responses were observed in patients co‐infected with HDV, while prolonged elevated IgM levels were found in HBsAg carriers with chronic liver disease superinfected with HDV. Two distinct serological patterns were observed in both coinfection and superinfection. In coinfection, only 50% of patients with detectable anti‐delta IgM went on to develop a long‐lasting antibody response. Following superinfection with HDV either stationary or fluctuating levels of IgM antibody were demonstrated. In patients with fluctuating antibody levels, the presence or absence of IgM antibody related to the level of viral re

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe developed a technique for isolation and primary culture of adult human hepatocytes from surgical liver biopsy specimens by in situ perfusion and a shaking method. Cultured hepatocytes were maintained in monolayers for more than three weeks and showed morphological and functional characteristics in vivo. The cultured human hepatocytes were inoculated with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the medium was detected for about three weeks after inoculation, which was longer than that reported in previous studies. In one case of high attachment efficiency, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected in the medium five to eight days after inoculation. HBsAg and HBeAg were also detected in the extracts of inoculated human hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence study revealed HBsAg in 20–30% of hepatocytes and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in 2–3% of the cultured human hepatocytes four days after inoculation. Free HBV DNA was identified in the human hepatocytes for at least two weeks after inoculation, although single‐stranded HBV DNA was not detected. These studies suggest that HBsAg was actively produced and that HBV replicated in a small number of inoculated adult human hepatocytes in primary culture. However, further improvement of culture systems is needed for active replication of HBV in

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe feasibility of using elevated Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) specific‐IgG antiviral capsid antigen (VCA) and IgA anti‐VCA antibody levels as an aid in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was analyzed by determination of serum anti‐body titers to EBV in 54 NPC patients, 114 healthy blood donors, and 40 family members by the immunoperoxidase assay (IPA). No significant difference was found in the prevalence rate of EBV IgG anti‐VCA antibodies (titer ≥20) between the patient group and the control and family groups (100% vs 92% and 90%, respectively). The prevalence rate of elevated EBV IgG anti‐VCA titers (≥ 80, ≥ 160, ≥ 320, and≥ 640) was significantly higher in the NPC patients than in controls. For example, at an IgG titer of ≥320, the prevalence rate was 82% in the NPC patient group and 1.7% in the controls (P<0.0001). The prevalence of EBV IgA anti‐VCA antibodies (≥ 10) was significantly higher in the NPC patients than in control and family groups (82% vs 6.1% and 0%, respectively). The prevalence rate for elevated EBV IgA anti‐VCA (≥20) was found to be significantly higher (P<0.0001) in NPC patients than in the control group (70% vs 1.7%). A significantly high proportion (P = 0.0004) of NPC patients who had serum EBV IgA anti‐VCA titers of<20 had elevated IgG titers to VCA ≥ 320 (21 % vs 1.7% among controls). It appears that testing for IgG antibodies at a serum dilution of 1:320 and for IgA antibodies at a dilution of 1:20 by the IPA technique comprises the best combination for the differentiation between NPC patients and health controls (91% vs 3.4%), and it is suggested that these be used as

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHerpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes a latent state in the sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system of its natural or experimental host following primary infection. At various times thereafter, the virus can be reactivated from the latent state whereby it migrates back to the periphery and sometimes initiates a clinical syndrome referred to as recurrent disease.We inoculated mice in the right ear pinna and, following recovery from primary infection, killed the mice at various intervals following either the presence or absence of peripheral stimulations. Explanted cervical dorsal root ganglia yielded HSV in culture and was positive for HSV‐like virus particles when viewed with the electron microscope. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed neuron degeneration, and corresponding HSV‐specific immunoperoxidase stains were also positive. The data indicate that ganglionic cells are capable of supporting replicating HSV and that, in vitro, numerous ganglionic cells can be infected simultaneou

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBecause of the unique interdependence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the physiological state of the host cell, we evaluated the ability of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), exposed to gamma radiation, to support HCMV growth. Irradiation of HFF with 2,500 rADS prevented cellular proliferation and suppressed cellular DNA, but not RNA or protein synthesis. Treatment of HFF cells with 2,500 rADS 6 or 48 hours prior to infection did not alter the time course or virus yield during HCMV replication. Virus plaquing efficiency in irradiated cells was comparable to that of nonirradiated cells. As judged by thymidine incorporation and BUdR inhibition of virus replication, HCMV infection induced both thymidine kinase activity and host cell DNA synthesis in irradiated cells. In addition, virus could be recovered from HFF exposed to radiation 0–2 days after infection with HCMV. These studies indicate that the damage to cells by gamma irradiation does not alter the capacity of host cells to support HCMV replicatio

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe precursor frequency of B lymphocytes from Balb/c mice producing HSV‐1 glycoprotein B (gB), glycoprotein C (gC), and glycoprotein D (gD) antibody was determined by limiting dilution analysis under conditions to detect antibody from the clonal progeny of a single B cell precursor. In spleens of naive mice the average gC frequency was 1/48,917 ± 550, while gD was 1/73,330 ± 15,898, and gB frequency was in excess of 1/1OO,ooO. Immunization with live HSV‐1 (KOS) increased the B cell frequencies of all three glycoproteins to approximately 1:3,000; however, the serum gB antibody ELISA titer was fivefold higher than gC

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe growth of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in primary mouse embryo (ME) cells was investigated. The virus yields in ME cells were markedly lower if compared with those in HEp‐2 cells, which are fully permissive for RS virus, and a remarkable production of interferon (IFN) was found in the early period of infection of the former cells. The virus yields in ME cells were enhanced when antimouse IFN serum was added to the medium. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of infected ME cells showed that the infection spread in the entire monolayer in the presence of antiserum, whereas it was markedly restricted throughout in the absence of the serum. All the major viral polypeptides were synthesized in the absence of the serum. However, their synthesis rates were greatly enhanced if the antiserum was added. These results suggest that the virus growth in ME cells is self‐limiting and that this limited growth is due to auto interference by endogenously produced IFN during the course of infection. Further, this type of growth restriction of RS virus appears to be characteristic of cells of mouse origin by comparative studies that used other cells of different ori

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEleven male fulminant hepatitis (FH) patients (mean age: 47.7 ± 16 years) positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but negative for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti‐HBc) were admitted consecutively to the Athens Hospital for Infectious Diseases between May 1981 and November 1983. Because of the absence of IgM anti‐HBc, determined by an enzyme immunoassay, these patients were considered to be HBsAg carriers with a superimposed acute hepatitis. Three of the 11 patients received immunosuppressive chemotherapy during the six months before the onset of the acute hepatitis. None of the patients was homosexual or a drug addict. Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis delta virus (HDV) was detected with serologic markers and/or molecular hybridization techniques.Fulminant hepatitis was attributed to spontaneous reactivation of chronic hepatitis B in four patients, chemotherapy‐induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B in three patients, HDV superinfection in one patient and possible superinfection by non‐A, non‐B agent(s), HDV, or HDV‐like agents in three patients. Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B was an important cause of apparent acute hepatitis in heterosexual male HBsAg carriers from an area with a high prevalence of H

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVirus‐induced immune‐specific interferon (IS‐IFN) is produced by previously sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) three to five days after they are placed in tissue culture. This IS‐IFN is readily identified on the basis of its time of production and its synergistic composition of alpha and gamma interferons. The current studies demonstrate that circulating monocytes control the specificity and magnitude of the IS‐IFN response. No IS‐IFN is produced by PBML that are heavily depleted of monocytes. Immune‐specific IFN production is enhanced in PBML cultures that are partially depleted of monocytes. Partial monocyte depletion permits virus to induce the production of IS‐IFN by un

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY