摘要:

AbstractA recently developed assay for measuring infectious HIV‐1 particles was used to determine the stability of the virus under various storage conditions as well as the effect of commonly used disinfectants. At the optimum pH of 7.1 the half life of the virus ranged from approx. twenty‐four hours at 37°C to no significant loss over 6 months at −75°C. Drying the virus on a glass surface or freezing caused a 5‐12 fold and 4‐5 fold decrease of activity, respectively. The dried preparations, however, were about as stable as when stored in a buffered solution. A solution of iodine and detergent (2% Jodopax) was the only disinfectant examined which removed all detectable HIV‐1 activity. Isopropanol and ethanol were more potent than acetone; however, all three solvents left some viable particles after a 30 min treatment with

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a recently identified RNA virus responsible for most of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. Genetic analysis of HCV sequences and their encoded proteins has been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining cDNA fragments of sufficient lengths: construction of cDNA library requires technical expertise while amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) usually yields fragments of less than 400 base pairs. In this report we have generated a 1.5‐kb HCV cDNA fragment by overlap extension of smaller PCR fragments and by ligation through restriction sites. Sequencing of the cloned fragment confirmed the absence of significant sequence alteration produced by this procedure. Overlap extension may represent an easy method for generating relatively large HCV cDNA clones for the expression of HCV‐encoded p

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new algorithm based upon the differential antibody responses to twogaggene products (p19 and p24) of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) has been suggested for serologic discrimination of HTLV type I (HTLV‐I) and type II (HTLV‐II) [Lillihoj et al., 1990]. To evaluate the practical usefulness of this algorithm, serum specimens from HTLV‐seropositive individuals whose infection was confirmed by PCR analysis to be HTLV‐I (n = 60) or HTLV‐II (n = 61) were analyzed by western blot. The intensities of the antibody response to p24gagand p19gagwere scored by one individual without prior knowledge of PCR results. According to the algorithm, specimens with p19>p24 were classified as HTLV‐I, whereas specimens with p19p24 (93%) while 4 had p19

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the pregnant women in Taiwan, we investigated two groups of pregnant women, 944 women without serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) screening (group A) and 197 women with abnormal ALT (>45 IU/L) (group B). They were checked for anti‐HCV (anti‐C100‐3) with HCV EIA kit (Abbott Lab., North Chicago, IL). The results showed that 21 (2.2%) in group A and 5 (2.5%) in group B were anti‐HCV‐positive. However, 15 out of 21 in group A had an optical density (O.D.) of anti‐HCV<1.0, were negative by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA), and were regarded as false‐positive.Nine infants delivered by those 11 cases were negative for anti‐HCV at 6 months of age, while none of the 8 husbands were anti‐HCV‐positive. It is concluded that the prevalence of anti‐HCV in pregnant women in Taiwan is low (6/944,0.63%), even in the cases with abnormal ALT (5/197, 2.5%). There was no serologic evidence for perinatal transmissio

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the course of a study of lymphocyte responses to microbial antigens in HIV‐infected patients, we detected a previously unrecognized phenomenon of inhibition of lymphocyte baseline proliferation, induced by the presence of tetanus toxoid andEscherichia coliin the cultures. The effects of tetanus toxoid andEscherichia colion lymphocyte proliferation in vitro were assessed by comparing the3H‐thymidine uptake by lymphocytes cultured without stimulant with the uptake of lymphocytes cultured in the presence of the antigens. Twenty‐six patients with HIV infection (20 asymptomatic/persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, 2 AIDS‐related complex, 4 AIDS) were investigated and the controls were 33 healthy individuals without evidence of HIV infection. Eight out of 22 asymptomatic/PGL and ARC patients progressed to full‐blown AIDS in the mean follow‐up of 26 months. The inhibition of proliferation was considered to be significant when the uptake of3H‐thymidine was reduced by 20% in the presence of the antigens. Using these criteria, 50% of the patients studied with tetanus toxoid and 36% of those studied withE. colihad evidence of the inhibitory phenomenon. Seven of the eight patients who developed AIDS during the observation period had the inhibitory phenomenon. In the group of patients without the inhibitory signs only one evolved to AIDS during the follow‐up. The possibility of this phenomenon being related to an induction of suppressor cell activity by the antige

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo investigate the cellular mechanism of transformation by retroviruses, we established a system for isolation of cellular and viral mutants for transformation of a rat cell line. Mutagenized untransformed cells of this line were infected with recombinant murine retrovirus containing thesrcgene of Rous sarcoma virus and the selective marker gene, neo. After reaching confluence, cells transformed by the src gene tend to overgrow and die. Utilizing this property ofsrctransformed rat cells and the selective marker gene, we could easily select untransformed cell clones containing the retrovirus genome. Expression of thesrcgene product in the flat clones selected was examined by in vitro assay ofsrckinase activity. To determine whether the mutations of these flat clones were viral or cellular, the susceptibilities of the clones to transformation were examined after superinfection with the wild‐type virus and also characterized the retroviruses recovered from these clones. With this system, two novel clones were isolated. One had a defect in viral information affecting the transformed phenotype, but still retainedsrckinase activity like fully transformed cells. The other showed lowsrckinase activity but retained wild‐type transforming virus, suggesting that a cellular gene involved in viral gene expression was muta

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInoue‐Melnick virus (IMV) was isolated directly from all of the seven human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues studied, whereas IMV was not isolated from five human stomach carcinoma tissues. Seven isolates from the Japanese colorectal carcinoma tissues were identified as type 1 IMV by the neutralization test and were sensitive to phosphonoacetic acid, a growth inhibitor of IMV. Furthermore, type 1 IMV‐antibody was detected in six of seven sera of the patients whose colorectal carcinoma tissues were positive for virus isolation. In contrast, IMV‐antibody was not detected in the five sera of the patients whose stomach carcinoma tissues were tested and found negative fo

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe low specificity of screening ELISAs for antibodies to hepatitis C virus in blood donors has called for confirmatory tests. Two types of supplementary antibody assays are available, recombinant immunoblot assays (RIBA‐1 and RIBA‐2) and an antibody consumption test referred to as a neutralization assay. Amplification of viral nucleic acid by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides an antibody independent mode of detecting viral infection. We applied reverse transcription‐double PCR to detect an HCV 5'‐noncoding viral RNA sequence in serum specimens and compared PCR findings with confirmatory antibody tests. This study includes sera from 37 blood donors found positive by the Ortho anti‐HCV (C100‐3) ELISA out of 14,591 donations. Of the 37 positive sera, 8 were positive by RIBA‐1 and 1 further by RIBA‐2. Seven of the RIBA positive sera contained HCV RNA by PCR. Among the 8 indeterminate and the 21 negative donor sera by RIBA‐I, no PCR positive serum was found. The 37 anti‐HCV positive donor sera identified by Ortho ELISA were also tested by Abbott anti‐HCV (C100‐3) ELISA whereby 22 were positive. Of these 22 sera plus 1 further with ELISA OD just below cutoff, 8 were positive by the “neutralization assay,” (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL, USA) and 6 of these, including the borderline serum, were PCR positive. One of the two neutralizable but PCR negative sera was RIBA positive and the other was indeterminate. However, one ELIS. A (Abbott Laboratories) positive (OD 1.99) serum was not neutralizable but nevertheless contained HCV RNA by PCR. Thus in blood donor sera, anti‐HCV (C100‐3) reactivity confirmed by RIBA or “neutralization” correlate

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo determine whether host dependent differences modulated hepatitis delta virus replication in chronic delta hepatitis, we tested HDV RNA in homosexual and intravenous drug abuser populations. Overall, the seroprevalence of HDV RNA in the two groups with matching clinical characteristics was 72% (76/106 patient visits). A trend for greater prevalence of HDV RNA was noted at initial presentation in homosexuals (82%) compared to intravenous drug abusers (6O%,P<0.05) and this trend appeared to be maintained during two years of sequential follow‐up. The seroprevalence of co‐appearing IgM and IgG anti‐HD antibodies was similar in the two groups of patients. However, in HDV RNA positive homosexuals IgG anti‐HD antibody was more prevalent, and additionally, assumed concordance with HDV RNA of 92% although the significance of this observation is unclear. The difference in prevalence of HIV in the two groups did not reach statistical significance. Prospective studies are required to confirm differences in HDV replication in various patient groups and to define underlying mec

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) among 101 uremic patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was evaluated using a synthetic peptidebased HCV antibodies enzyme immunoassay. Thirty (29.7%) were found anti‐HCV positive. This is significantly higher than 500 unselected paid blood donors (4.2%,P<0.0001). Among CAPD patients, anti‐HCV positivity was found more frequently in patients who had received frequent and longer duration of hemodialysis previously (40.4% vs. 20.4%,P<0.05). These findings suggest that hemodialysis patients have a higher risk of HCV infection. At present, CAPD may be a suitable way to reduce the incidence of HCV infection in uremic pat

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890350411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY