摘要:

AbstractSerum samples obtained from 13 individuals who were found to have a previous history of or to be suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were examined for the presence of antibody to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNase activity. Significant to high levels of antibody to EBV DNase activity were detected in most serum samples obtained from four patients prior to the diagnosis of NPC. The samples from the other nine patients showed variable levels of antibody. The majority of the samples collected at the remission stage of the disease, especially those from long‐term survivors, contained little or no antibody to the DNase activity. Data presented here suggest that antibody to EBV DNase activity may be a useful marker for the early diagnosis as well as the prognosis of

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnteric adenoviruses (EAds) (candidate adenoviruses 40 and 41, subgroups F and G) have been implicated in the etiology of gastroenteritis in infants, but their clinical significance has been unclear because a rapid test to distinguish these agents from other adenovirus (Ad) types has not been available. We developed a dot‐blot hybridization assay for EAd DNA using a cloned DNA fragment that has little homology to non‐EAd DNAs. The dot‐blot system detected less than 20 pg of EAd DNA, while showing minima cross hybridization to representative strains from all other Ad groups. There was no detectable hybridization to extracts of samples known to contain other enteric viruses. It was further shown that low levels of EAds in specimens could be amplified by culturing for 1 day in 293 cells. Stool samples and tissue culture lysates prescreened by electron microscopy, cell culture or ELISA were tested in a blind fashion. Using endonuclease analysis as the standard for typing the isolates, we found the dot‐blot system to have a 91% sensitivity and 71% specificity for detecting EAds and distinguishing them from other Ads. False‐positive and equivocal dot‐blot results appeared to be caused b

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA b̃‐propiolactone/ultraviolet irradiation procedure (βPL/UV) has been evaluated for its ability to inactivate 30,000 chimpanzee infectious doses of the Hutchinson strain of non‐A, non‐B (NANB) virus. The chimpanzees were inoculated with plasma to which this dose of the titrated virus had been added prior to application of the βPL/UV process in accordance with a procedure used for licensed blood derivatives in Germany. Neither animal developed hepatitis. When subsequently challenged with the same contaminated plasma, which had not been sterilized, both animals promptly developed typical NANB hepatitis.This study extends the high (∼107‐fold) process efficiency of the βPL/UV procedure previously reported for hepatitis B virus to a blood‐b

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn epidemic of influenza A occurred in the Niue population during May‐June 1983. The infection was introduced by two index cases returning from New Zealand to the village of Makefu. The epidemic started in this village and then spread rapidly around the island. The incidence of infection was calculated to be 41 per 100 population based on 1981 census figures.There was no predilection for the infection to affect any particular age bracket, although the elderly were over‐represented amongst the hospital admissions because of greater severity of illness in this age group. Two deaths occurred, and 3.4% of cases received treatment in hospital.Apart from generalised symptoms (fever, body pain, and headache), respiratory symptoms, particularly cough, were prominent. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in a minority. The average duration of illness was 6 days.Virology results indicated that the epidemic was due to influenza A/Bangkok/ 1/79(H3N3). Paired serological studies also revealed five cases of dengue fever.Previous records reveal that epidemics of influenza are a frequent occurrence in Niue, although not a major cause of mortality since the 1950s.It is suggested that early treatment of complications is the most important measure to decrease the impact of influenza and that measures such as isolation of cases, restriction of population movement and quarantine of incoming cases may be useful to prevent the propagation of epidemics in a small and isolated populat

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA DNA‐free herpes simplex type 2 subunit vaccine was administered to 18 volunteers without past evidence of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV 1) or herpes simplex type 2 (HSV 2) infection, to 44 patients with severe recurrent genital HSV 2 infection, and to 15 patients with severe oral type 1 HSV recurrences. The vaccine elicited both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity in 97% of the subjects without past HSV infections and boosted significantly the cell‐mediated immunity and antibody titers in almost all the patients with recurrent HSV 1 or HSV 2. The vaccine elicited particularly the production of complement‐dependent cytotoxic antibodies in 96% of the patients with recurrent HSV 2 infections. This might, at least partly, explain the clinical efficacy of the vaccine. Indeed, we observed a significant decrease (t test, p<0.01) in the attack rate of the recurrences and also a significant shortening of the time needed to complete healing of the lesions (t test,

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEmploying an immunoblotting technique, the polypeptide specificity and relative titers of anti‐HSV IgG reactive with denaturation‐resistant epitopes on HSV proteins were determined in patients experiencing primary HSV‐1 infections at various anatomical sites. Early sera from previously seronegative patients with primary HSV‐1 infections were found to have comparatively low levels of antibody directed against the major viral glycoprotein antigens (gB, gC, and gD) relative to titers present in sera of individuals with long‐standing, latent orofacial HSV‐1 infections. Patients with primary infections did however have high titers of antibody directed against a series of low molecular weight HSV polypeptide antigens. These antigens were found to be antigenically related to a structural component of virion nucleocapsids. At later times postinfection, titers of antibodies directed against other viral polypeptides including the major glycoproteins increased to levels more closely approximating those observed in latently infected individuals. These results indicate that the anti‐HSV IgG detected by immunoblot analysis which appears earliest following primary infection is not directed against the known major infected cell or virion glycoprotein surface antigens but rather against an internal capsid p

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree patients with a relapsing course of serologically confirmed viral hepatitis type A are presented. In addition, one patient had aminotransferase elevations for over 6 mo. In all three, hepatitis ultimately resolved. A relapsing or protracted course does not appear to alter the benign prognosis of hepatitis A.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeripheral blood leukocytes from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied for their capacity to produce interferon (IFN) alpha or IFN gamma. Yields of IFN alpha in leukocyte cultures stimulated with influenza A virus or human leukemic cells were significantly lower than those obtained from healthy controls. Production of IFN gamma in response to induction with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus was also significantly diminished. Defects of IFN production in leukocyte cultures showed no correlation with active viral replication or the degree of severity of HBV‐associated liver disease. The demonstration of partial defects of endogenous IFN production provides a rationale for using IFN replacement therapy in patients with chronic HBV infectio

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA one‐year study of rotavirus prevalence was carried out using electron microscopy in Gabon, equatorial Africa. One hundred fifty‐six nonhospitalized diarrheic children up to 10 years of age and 115 age‐matched controls were investigated together with diarrheic adults and children over 10 years of age. Rotaviruses were observed only in diarrheic children under 10 years of age (10.2%). Rotaviruses were more prevalent in the dry‐season months (19.2% versus 1.3%, P<.001). Rotaviruses were the most commonly found among all the viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents we detected, with the exception of the coronaviruslike particles, which are the subject of another paper [Sitbon

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study was undertaken to detect the risk of infection, if any, among 193 household contacts of 40 hospitalised hepatitis patients (group I) with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their blood. As a control group, 103 household contacts of 27 hospitalised hepatitis patients who were negative for HBsAg (group II) were investigated. The family contacts of the former group had a significantly higher prevalence of HBV infection than those of the latter group (P<.001). Significant differences were observed both in the prevalence of HBsAg (P<.05) and antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) (P<.025) between the two groups. IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐Hbc‐IgM) was detected in 32 out of the 39 (82%) sera tested from the patients of group I with HBsAg. A statistically significant difference (P<.005) of HBV prevalence was also found in the contacts of these 32 patients suffering from acute hepatitis B as compared to the contacts of the patients of group II.Overall, the children of the first group showed a significantly higher prevalence of HBsAg as compared to the second group. All the children with HBsAg were positive for HBeAg also, but were negative for anti‐HBc‐IgM. Anti‐HBs was detected in a significantly larger number of adult females. Spouses were found to be affected more than other relatives. A significant difference (P<.025) was noted in the number of families having HBV markers in group I (80.0%) as compared to those in group II (48.1%). In group I, contacts of male patients had a significantly higher (P<.025) prevalence of HBV infection than those of the female patients (46.4

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890160211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY