摘要:

AbstractWe have investigated the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by using in situ hybridization on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from seronegative regular sexual partners of HIV‐infected subjects. The cells were hybridized with a 9 kilobase (kb) Sstl‐Sstl lambda BH 10 probe, which was able to recognize both viral mRNA and proviral cDNA. Labeling was done by chemical insertion of an antigenic sulfone group in cytosine moieties and was visualized by a double‐antibody immunohistochemical reaction. In all the subjects studied, the HIV genome was present. The HIV infected cells showed morphological aspects consistent with that of lymphocytes and monocytes. Our data suggest that the anti‐HIV seronegative individuals who are regular sexual partners of HIV‐infected subjects may be HIV

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA total of 390 parenteral drug abusers (PDAs) at the Kaohsiung Municipal Narcotics Abstention Institute were examined for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (anti‐HBs), and core antibody (anti‐HBc) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and for antibody to HIV (anti‐HIV) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HDV (anti‐HDV) were also tested for HBsAg‐positive serum samples. Although the HBsAg‐positive rate (22.1%) among PDAs was similar to that of the general population in southern Taiwan, the HBV infection rate (99.2%) and the anti‐HDV‐positive rate (78.5%) among HBsAg‐positive subjects were significantly higher than those of the general population in southern Taiwan (P<0.0001). None of the PDAs studied were positive for anti‐HIV.The levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) among PDAs were significantly higher than those of the general population in southern Taiwan (P<0.0001). The more frequent the institutionalisation, the higher the infection rates with HBV and HDV and elevated levels of SGOT and SGPT. Horizontal transmission through parenteral drug abuse may be considered a possible reason for the significantly higher rates of HBV and HDV among pa

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cardiovascular complications of viral hepatitis are not widely recognized. Profound hypotension and a variety of dysrhythmias, including sinus arrest, have been reported in association with viral hepatitis, but most of these cases were described before the advent of specific viral serologic markers. Furthermore, previous instances of cardiovascular complications occurred during the course of an established viral syndrome. We report the cases of two previously healthy women who presented with unexplained hypotension and bradycardia as the initial manifestations of acute icteric hepatitis A. This phenomenon appears to represent a variant clinical presentation of a common viral entity.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndothelial involvement has been implicated in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, a source of major complications in immunosuppressed individuals (e.g., those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS] and organ transplants). Traditionally, CMV has been grown in fibroblasts; however, propagation in these cells may alter characteristics of the virus. In developing an in vitro model system of CMV/endothelial cell interaction, we have addressed this issue by propagating a clinical isolate, CMV VHL 1, in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells by serial cocultivation of heavily infected cultures with fresh HUVE monolayers and have compared its infectious properties with those of the fibroblast‐raised strain, CMV AD169. In situ hybridization using a biotinylated DNA probe, as well as immunofluorescent staining for CMV specific antigen, has confirmed infection of HUVE cells inoculated with either strain of the virus. Infection of HUVE by VHL was accompanied by dramatic cytopathology not observed in AD169‐infected cells. Plaque assay of culture supernatants revealed greater virus production in VHL‐infected HUVE as compared with equivalently inoculated fibroblasts. In contrast, AD169 production in inoculated fibroblasts exceeded that in HUVE. These studies demonstrate the suitability of cultured endothelial cells as a substrate for CMV propagation and suggest that a strain of virus thus propagated may offer an accurate model of CMV/endothelial cell interaction in human di

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immune response to duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) had not been elucidated. An assay was therefore established to detect the presence of antibody to DHB surface antigen (anti‐DHBs) in serum of experimentally inoculated and naturally infected ducks. Anti‐DHBs in serum was detected by indirect RIA from the percentage inhibition of binding of rabbit anti‐DHBs to purified DHBsAg. Specificity was confirmed by positive and negative controls, infected and noninfected sera, and a mouse monoclonal antibody to DHB core antigen (anti‐DHBc). Serum and liver samples were tested for DHBV DNA by dot‐blot hybridization assay.Adult ducks repeatedly inoculated with DHBV remained non‐viraemic but developed anti‐ DHBs. This antibody activity neutralized the infectivity of DHBV, which was experimentally inoculated into 1‐day‐old ducklings. In naturally infected flocks anti‐DHBs was detected in a proportion of noninfected adult ducks as well as 1‐ day‐old hatchlings. Anti‐DHBs activity in hatchlings neutralized the infectivity of experimentally inoculated DHBV.Pekin ducks can therefore mount a neutralizing antibody response to DHBV, and immunity may be transferred in

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA total of 848 household contacts of 285 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) chronic carriers were included in a prospective study. Of the total number of contacts negative for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers at baseline, 330 relatives of 145 HBsAg carriers were observed over a mean period of 20.1 months. Among all household contacts, 284 (33.5%) were found positive for at least one HBV marker. The prevalence of HBV markers was significantly higher among the contacts of more than one HBsAg carrier (75.9%) than among those with only one (26.0%) (P<.001). The presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), specific HBV‐DNA polymerase (HBV‐DNAp), HBV‐DNA, and polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA‐R) in the index case was associated with a significantly higher incidence of HBV markers among household contacts. During the follow‐up, the number of household contacts initially negative for HBV markers who became infected was found to be in direct relation to the presence of HBeAg, HBV‐DNAp, HBV‐DNA and pHSA‐R in

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInfection of a newly described human T lymphoid cell line, CEM‐CL10, with three different variants of HIV‐1 resulted in cytopathic effects followed by cell lysis. Following primary lytic infection, proviral DNA could not be detected by Southern blot analysis in the outgrowth of the surviving CEM‐CL10 cells 60 days after initial exposure to HIV‐1. These surviving cells could be further grown as a separate line, derived from CEM‐CL10, and were found to be resistant to subsequent infection by HIV‐1. A marked decrease in CD4 antigen expression was observed in these latter cells but not of the CD3 and transferrin receptor antigens. This decline in cell surface CD4 expression was correlated with both an absence of specific CD4 mRNA and with changes in structure of the CD4 gene. Both the HIV‐1‐sensitive CEM‐CL10 cell line and its CD4(‐), HIV‐1‐resistant derivative line, will be made available to i

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSamples taken from 101 healthy pregnant women (49 over and 52 under the 20‐week gestational period) and 108 healthy nonpregnant women were tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Using 6, 11, 16, and 18 HPV DNA probes, 3‐5 x 105exfoliated cells scraped from the cervix were tested by filter in situ hybridization (FISH). Thirty‐five of the pregnant women (34.6%) had evidence of the presence of HPV DNA: with 11.8% (12/101) HPV 6; 7.9% (8/101) HPV 11; 8.9% (9/101) HPV 16; and 5.9% (6/101) HPV 18 positivity. HPV DNA was detected in 20.4% (22/108) of the non‐pregnant women.Compared with the healthy, nonpregnant group, the higher level of asymptomatic cervical HPV infection was mainly due to the accumulation of HPV 16 and 18 nucleic acids during the gestational period: with detection of HPV 16 in 8/49 cases (16.3%) and of HPV 18 DNA sequences in 4/49 (7.6%) cases. Screening 6‐8 weeks after delivery indicated a decline of HPV positivity.Of the 4/12 HPV type 16 positive mothers, only one retained the presence of HPV 16 DNA, whereas neither of the 2/12 type 18 positive women reacted after birth with the type 18 radioact

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of salivary samples to diagnose acute viral hepatitis was investigated. Tests for IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti‐HAV) on 29 acute‐phase samples from serologically confirmed cases of hepatitis A were strongly reactive. Follow‐up samples indicated that IgM anti‐ HAV persisted at moderate levels for 2‐4 months and was not usually detectable thereafter. The ratio of IgM to IgG anti‐HAV (RIA index) correlated closely with the interval from onset of infection. Significant levels of IgM anti‐HAV were not detected in the saliva of 103 IgG anti‐ HAV positive and 102 IgG anti‐HAV negative individuals nor of 4 individuals with hepatitis B. Similarly, IgM anti‐HBc was present in the saliva of acute cases of hepatitis B, but not in the saliva of 25 IgG anti‐HBc positive and 85 IgG anti‐HBc negative individuals, nor of 24 individuals with recent hepatitis A.It is concluded that saliva is a convenient and satisfactory alternative to serum for the diagnosis o

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA was extracted from the sera of patients with acute hepatitis and then detected by molecular hybridization using cloned HAV complementary DNA (cDNA). HAV RNA was detected in 20 of 85 patients with acute HAV infection, mainly during the prodromal stage, or early during the icteric phase of the disease; it was detected as long as 21 days after its initial detection. Patients with HAV RNA in the serum had a significantly higher titer of anti‐HAV Ig

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890280411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY