摘要:

AbstractA method for the absorption of false radioimmunoassay (RIA) IgM titres against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is presented. The serum specimens were absorbed by a mixture of protein A‐Sepharose and protein A‐Sepharose saturated with normal human gamma globulin (PAS/IgG). The detection of rheumatoid factor of IgM class (IgM‐RF) as well as antinuclear antibodies (ANA) of both IgM and IgG class by solid‐phase RIA is also described, and their role in the false IgM results was studied.It was found that the PAS/IgG absorption removed 50–90% of both IgM‐RF and total IgG. The reduction of IgM‐ANA clustered at 50–90% or nothing, whereas the reduction of IgG‐ANA was approximately 50%. The studies with HSV and CMV antigens indicated that the removal of false IgM titres was more effective than the removal of each of these four factors. It was concluded that the IgM‐RF titres alone were not sufficiently high to explain the false IgM results, but the ANA activity p

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRotavirus infection in black infants contrasts markedly with that of white infants in being much less common and showing no seasonal variation. In this multicentre study in Johannesburg, the aetiology of winter infantile gastroenteritis in black, coloured, and white infants was investigated. Stools were examined by electron microscopy and also by enzyme‐immunoassay to detect subparticular antigen which may be missed by electron microscopy in patients presenting late in the course of the illness. Stools were also examined bacteriologically by conventional techniques. Rotavirus was the most common pathogen in all three population groups with bacteria playing a relatively minor role. Striking differences were observed in the rotavirus rates between the three groups. Infection in the whites was five times more common than in the blacks (60% versus 12%) with the coloureds intermediate at 40%. The hypothesis was put forward that the relative protection of the black population may be due to a greater degree of colonization of neonates, thus inducing protection against symptomatic infection at the target age of 6 to 34 months. This may well have important implications in immunoprophylaxis. The reason for the lack of seasonal variation in the black population is still unclea

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMidway virus, a new tick‐borne virus isolated from two species of Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) ticks of the capensis group (O capensis, O denmarki), is described from Midway, Kure, and Manana islands in the Central Pacific (Hawaiian Archipelago) and from norther Honshu (Japan). Midway virion is enveloped, unusually large, acid and temperature sensitive, and its type of nucleic acid is RNA. Complement‐fixation (CF) tests show a close relation of Midway to Nyamanini virus, which has been isolated from ardeid birds and Argas ticks in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeastern Asia. However, cross‐box tests (CF, mouse and tissue culture neutralization, immunofluorescence) show that these two viruses are quite distinct. Midway virus is lethal for newborn Swiss mice inoculated by intracerebral, but not intraperitoneal route. It fails to kill four‐week‐old mice by either route. Midway virus causes cytopathic effects in BHK‐21 cells and titerable plaques in Vero cells. Antibodies to it were prevalent among nestlings of Larus crassirostris (Black‐tailed Gull) on Aomatsushima I., but were scarce among those of Nycticorax nycticorax (Black‐crowned Night Heron) of

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevalence of antibody to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was determined in a sample of 860 healthy children aged 1–13 years in Beer Sheva, in the Negev region of Israel. Three groups of children were tested: (1) urban Jewish children of low, middle, and high socioeconomic levels; (2) 8 rural communes (kibbutz) in which children live in close contact with each other from the 6th week of life under good hygienic conditions and a high standard of living; (3) Bedouin, seminomadic Arabs living in relatively poor hygienic conditions in the desert.Kibbutz children showed a significantly higher rate of CMV seropositivity by the second year of life than urban Jewish and Bedouin children (76% versus 44% and 54% respectively) with a gradual increase to 94% in the 10–13‐year age group. Among children living in urban populations a significantly higher prevalence of CMV seropositivity was associated with crowding, but not with other socioeconomic indicators (place of residence, country of origin, or education level of parents). A marked rise of CMV seropositivity with age was found in urban Jewish children in the 2–5‐year age group during which time they attend nurseries (44% to 67%) and in the Bedouin children in the 6–9‐year age group (59% to 86%) when they first attend school.The data suggest that close contact is of major importance in CMV infection in childhood. The clinical implications of early acquisition and high prevalence of CMV antibodies in the kibbutz setting

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpecific IgM class antibody production was studied in different groups of patients with characterized cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). In pregnant women, IgM antibodies were detected only following primary infection and generally persisted less than 4 months. The demonstration of CMV‐specific IgM during pregnancy is therefore diagnostic of recent primary CMV infection.In patients with symptomatic CMV infections, the appearance of IgM antibody was shown to be closely related to the onset of symptoms and coincided with production of complement fixing (CF) antibody. IgM antibodies were at maximum levels 3–4 weeks after presentation but generally declined to low or undetectable levels by 3–4 months. The significance of the results of testing for CMV‐specific IgM in relation to clinical and other serological findings in these patients is discussed.IgM antibody production was also demonstrated in renal transplant patients with primary infections and in 6 of 21 recipients with secondary infections. In both groups the antibodies became detectable 3–6 weeks after transplantation but the titres were much higher following primary infection. IgM antibodies persisted throughout follow‐up periods of up to 2 years after transplantation in

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA hemadsorption immunosorbent technique (HIT) was developed for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) to parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3. Twenty‐six (90%) of twenty‐nine patients under 6 yr of age from whom parainfluenza virus was isolated showed parainfluenza IgM antibody in one or both of their paired sera, with titres ranging from 320 to 81,920. In about one third of the cases IgM antibody was demonstrated in the initial sera taken 1 to 3 days after the onset of illness. Heterotypic IgM antibody responses were observed in about 20% of the patients. The HIT test was more sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and complement fixation tests in detecting a seroresponse in the 29 viruspositive children. The results of studies in older patients with HI titre rises to parainfluenza virus suggested that reinfection probably induced IgM antibody in a proportion of cases. The HIT test proved to be specific for the IgM class of antibody and avoided false‐positive results due to rheumatoid factor. It permits an early presumptive diagnosis in a proportion of patients with parainfluenza infe

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890100301

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY