摘要:

AbstractHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected by a monoclonal antibody radioimmunoassay in sera from five of 43 children (11.6%) with acute leukemia, who were negative by conventional assay. None of the nine positive sera had evidence of reactivity for HBV‐DNA or DNA‐polymerase activity. No correlation was found between the presence of HBsAg in serum by monoclonal RIA and the behaviour of anti‐viral antibodies. Twenty‐two children could be studied for liver HBsAg by immunofluorescence, and nine of them (40.9%) were positive, including three patients having HBsAg reactivity in serum. These data indicate that monoclonal antibodies increase the sensitivity of RIA for the detection of serum HBsAg in children with acute leukemia, who previously have frequently been found to have an atypical hepatitis B virus (HBV) s

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInoue‐Melnick virus (IMV) was stabilized to thermal inactivation at 50°C by 1 M Na2S04but not by 1 M MgC12, 1 M MgS04, 2 M NaC1, and 2 M KCl. The latter salts enhanced the inactivation over that in distilled water. Na2S04 stabilized IMV at 1 M concentration but enhanced inactivation at 0.1 M. Three types of IMV were stabilized by 1 M Na2S04at 50°C to almost the same degree. The pattern of the thermostabilization of IMV by salts was similar to that of herpes simplex virus; however, the degree of its stabilization was lower with prolonged heat

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA hybrid cell line producing monoclonal antibodies recognizing an epitope encoded by the pre‐(S)2 region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome was obtained by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with lymphocytes from mice immunized with HBV. The monoclonal antibody Mo‐F124 secreted from the hybrid line reacted with the pre‐S(2) epitope expressed on the surface of both viral and recombinant HBsAg particles–pre‐S(2) and S gene product–localised on 34 kD glycoprotein of the viral envelope. The pre‐S(2) epitope was sensitive to digestion with V8 protease fromStaphylucoccus aureus.The enzyme abolished reactivity with Mo‐F124 and polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) binding activity of recombinant particles. Mo‐F124 antibody was used to develop highly sensitive radioimmunoassays for determination of pre‐S(2) epitope and anti‐pre‐S(2) antibody in sera of hepatitis B patients.Detection of a pre‐S(2) epitope by the monoclonal antibody‐based assay in the early phase of acute HBV infection correlated well with the presence of markers of active viral replication (HBeAg, HBV DNA). The appearance of anti‐pre‐S(2) antibody, usually in the third month after onset of symptoms, was followed by elimination of circulating HBsAg and seroconversion to anti‐HBs in all tested cases of uncomplicated acute hepatitis followed by recovery. Anti‐pre‐S(2) response was not observed in patients with chronic hepatitis B or acute HBV infection progressing to chronic disease. The observed correlation of anti‐pre‐S(2) response with recovery suggests that the pre‐S(2) epitope may represent one of the epitopes inducing antib

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparative assessment of vidarabine and acyclovir in the treatment of varicella and disseminated zoster in immunosuppressed patients was undertaken. Thirty‐eight immunosuppressed patients with varicella (N = 18) or disseminated zoster (N = 20) were treated intravenously with 10 mg/kg/day of vidarabine or 30 mg/kg/day of acyclovir for 5 days according to a preestablished code within each diagnosis group–varicella and disseminated zoster. Two deaths, although not directly related to VZV infection, were observed in the vidarabine‐treated varicella group. The times to cessation of formation of new lesions and to the disappearance of fever were similar for vidarabine and acyclovir in each group. In the varicella group, VZV was isolated on day 5 in four out of five vidarabine patients versus one out of five acyclovir patients. No severe adverse effects were observed with either drug. Neutropenia present in patients of both drug groups was transitory and most often related to previous cytolytic chemotherapy.These data suggest that either vidarabine or acyclovir could be used in the treatment of severe VZV infections in immunosuppressed patients, although a larger number of patients would be required for definitive conclusion. Because of the large amount of solute required for vidarabine administration, acyclovir may be preferred when the risk of cardiorespiratory failure is

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAll six coxsackievirus B (CVB) serotypes replicated to various extents in fetal baboon aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) in culture. CVB3 and CVB4 replicated to the highest titers and induced no cytopathology at the level of light microscopy. Maximum yields of CVB3 were produced between 12 and 24 hr postinoculation. Up to 15% of SMC cells became infected, as determined by immunofluorescence assays with anti‐CVB3 antiserum, yet overall cell division in infected cultures did not differ from infected SMC cultures. Electron microscopy of CVB3‐inoculated SMC cultures revealed changes in some cells: viruslike particles, secondary lysosomes containing dense bodies, and peripheral nuclear chromatin condensation. CVB3 replicated well in SMC passages up to the eighth, but did not replicate in eleventh‐passage cells. Because of the cardiotropic and myotropic potential of this virus and its ability to replicate in aortic SMC with associated ultrastructural alterations, CVB3 (and other CVB) should be further examined as an etiologic agent(s) that could induce atheroscle

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied the interactions between rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and the RE strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) to determine better the role of inflammatory cells in herpetic stromal keratitis. PMN were found to be nonpermissive for HSV replication and were unable to bind virus in the absence of antibody. However, PMN did bind and internalize HSV‐antibody complexes in vitro as was demonstrated visually by electron microscopic studies and quantitatively by measurement of activity associated with radiolabeled HSV‐antibody complexes. Virus used for immune complex formation was labeled with either125Iodine or35S‐methionine. In some experiments, anti‐HSV IgG used for immune complex formation was labeled with125Iodine before incubation with virus. Use of all three radiolabeling approaches resulted in the same general pattern of binding, indicating a requirement for both antibody and virus for interaction with PMN. The activity associated with PMN was increased by preincubation with complement. The results suggest an active role for PMN in controlling HSV infection through their ability to bind and ingest virus‐antibod

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStrain CR326F of hepatitis A virus, derived from a fecal specimen of Costa Rican patient 033–03, was passed 15 times in fetal rhesus monkey kidney (FRhK6) cell cultures plus eight times in human diploid lung (MRCS) cell cultures to yield variant F and 16 times in MRCS cell cultures to yield variant F'. Both variants were purified by limit dilution passages. Virulence for marmosets was assessed at six different passage levels, including variants F and F'. There was a gradual loss of virulence with in vitro passage. Variant F retained slight virulence for marmosets; variant F' showed no evidence of virulence. Both variants induced hepatitis A antibody in most marmosets that received them, and the animals were immune to infection when challenged. Variants F and F' were also assessed in chimpanzees. As in marmosets, F retained slight virulence but F' did not. Experimental vaccines made from variants F and F' were then inoculated parenterally into adult human volunteers. A portion of recipients of variant F showed brief, low‐order enzyme elevations; none was seen in recipients of F', although their occurrence could not be totally ruled out. As in the animal models, F' appeared more attenuated than F. Most persons developed hepatitis A antibody, indicating the feasibility of developing a live, attenuated hepatitis A vaccine for human bei

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdministration of anti‐cytomegalovirus gamma globulin has been reported to prevent acute human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in immunocompromised patients. Most likely the gamma globulin acts by its neutralizing activity. However, the antibody titer to HCMV in hyperimmune gamma globulin is usually detected by an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). We, therefore, compared the ELISA titres with the neutralizing antibody titres in the sera of blood donors and in hyperimmune gamma globulins. A poor correlation between both titres was found. Gamma globulin preparations with identical ELISA titres clearly differed in the neutralizing titre. If neutralization is the important mechanism by which the hyperimmune gamma globulins work, our results would favour a routine testing of the neutralizing antibody titre in HCMV hyperimmune gamma globulin

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing interferon therapy, a chronic hepatitis B (HBV) carrier lost all serum markers of active viral replication and became anti‐HBe positive but remained positive for free and replicative HBV‐DNA in semen, saliva, urine, and liver four months later. At 12 months, when he also developed anti‐HBs, urine and saliva analysed for free HBV‐DNA were positive. Despite histological remission and loss of HBV‐DNA from serum, the potential for transmission of HBV and reactivation of disea

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWithin the framework of a comprehensive study of the correlation between enteric diseases and wastewater utilization in agricultural settlements (kibbutzim) the prevalence of several viral antibodies was examined among kibbutz residents and overseas volunteers. The latter were assumed to be a group highly susceptible to local pathogens. For the purpose of this study the presence of antibodies against eight enteroviruses [Coxsackieviruses (COX) types A9, B1, B3, and B4, echoviruses (ECHO) types 4, 7, and 9, and hepatitis A virus (HAV)] and a nonenterovirus, varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), was tested in their sera. The prevalence of these viral antibodies among 342 volunteers (aged 18 to 34 years) upon their arrival at the kibbutzim was compared with that of 176 kibbutz residents of the same age. Seroconversion (ie, acquisition of viral antibodies) was tested in 115 of the volunteers two months after their arrival at the kibbutz.The prevalence of antibodies against each of the eight enteroviruses studied was found to be significantly higher among the kibbutz residents, but the prevalence of antibodies to VZV was similarly high in both groups (52% for volunteers and 59% for kibbutz residents). The mean antibody prevalence for the seven COX and ECHO viruses was 2.1 antibodies/person in the volunteer group v 4.7 antibodies/person among the kibbutz residents. Fifty‐eight percent (58 %) of the residents had antibodies to HAV as compared with 14% of the volunteers.No correlation was found between seropositivity (ie, previous exposure) to various enteroviruses and the immune status to HAV or VZV in both kibbutz residents and volunteers. About 80% of the volunteer population had antibodies to ≤ 2 viruses/person v ≤4 viruses/person among the entire (almost 100%) population of kibbutz residents of the same age group. Volunteers tested after a two‐month stay showed a mean seroconversion rate of 9.4% per virus (ie, 4.7% per one month, as compared with 1.1 % of the calculated mean for kibbutz residents). Thus, it appears that the highly susceptible volunteer group from abroad became infected during their stay at kibbutzim at a rate of 4.3 times faster than the local

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890200211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY