摘要:

AbstractHepatitis A antibody (anti‐HAV) in serum was studied from June to October, 1984, by radioimmunoassay in 647 male and 553 female apparently healthy children under 15 years of age in Taipei City. The prevalence rate of anti‐HAV was 27.0% in infants, decreased to around 1% during the preschool age, then increased and remained around 5% until 11–12 years of age, when another increase was noted, and reached 13.6% among the early teenagers. The agespecific prevalence of anti‐HAV increased with age but differed in three age ranges, which reflected three apparently different calculated annual incidences. Compared with previous studies in Taipei, the results showed a significant reduction in the prevalence of anti‐HAV in almost every age group from 3 to 14 years. This fact probably reflects the marked improvement of hygienic conditions and progress in health education in recent years, which reduced the exposure to HAV infection among young children. The age of primary infection in the children was older than in previous studies, and it is expected that the susceptibility of HAV will extend to early

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo define better the human immune response to individual structural proteins of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), 55 human sera with different IgG and IgM titres were studied for their reactivity with HCMV structural polypeptides separated by SDS‐PAGE and electrotransferred to nitrocellulose paper. The results obtained showed that antibody titres detected by immunoassay correlate with the intensity and the number of polypeptides reacting by immunoblotting (IB). The IB profiles of HCMV polypeptides reacting with different sera having the same antibody titres show considerable variation. Sera with high levels of IgG antibody and that are IgM‐positive frequently react with 155, 149, 82.5, 74.5, 67, 57, 55, 38.5, and 28 kD polypeptides; all these sera react with 155, 67, 57, 55, 38.5 kD polypeptides. Sera with high levels of IgG antibody but that are IgM negative frequently react with all these polypeptides, with the exception of 149 and 74.5. Only 155 and 28 kD polypeptides were recognized by all sera of this group. The sera with moderate levels of IgG antibody preferentially recognize 155, 110, 82.5, 62, 55, 38.5 and 28 kD polypeptides. The sera with low levels of antibody reacted especially with 155 and 62 kD polypeptides. IgM antibody seems to recognize preferentially 155, 110, 67, 57, 55, 38.5 kD polypepti

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWarty lesions of the oral cavity were examined for etiologic association with genital tract papillomaviruses HPV‐6, HPV‐11, and HPV‐16. DNAs extracted from ten oral biopsies were screened for HPV genomic sequences by Southern transfer hybridization with32P‐labeled viral DNA probes. Nonstringent hybridization with an HPV‐6 probe revealed papillomavirus DNA sequences in four of seven tissues with histologic evidence of papillomatosis, in none of two tissues without histologic evidence of papillomatosis, and in one tissue that was not examined by histology. Stringent hybridization tests with HPV‐6 and HPV‐16 probes identified the genome in one tissue as being HPV‐16, in a second tissue as being HPV‐6 subtype a, and in a third tissue as HPV‐6 (subtype unidentified); papillomavirus DNA sequences in two tissues are as yet not identified. An additional case of HPV‐6 or HPV‐11 related oral cavity lesion was diagnosed by in situ hybridization of paraffin sections with a35S‐labeled, mixed HPV‐6 + HPV‐11 probe. The hybridization in the positive section was extensive and confined to epithelial nuclei. The oral lesions associated with genital tract papillomaviruses were asymptomatic, multiple or single, and were located in different parts of the oral cavity, for example, on the gingivae, on the tongue, on the lip, on the tonsillar pillar,

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparison of inactivated intramuscular and live intranasal influenza A vaccines in young children undergoing primary immunization might be expected to show differences in serum and local mucosal antibody responses. To demonstrate such differences, serum and local respiratory tract antibody responses of young children vaccinated with intranasal live, attenuated, cold‐adapted (H3N2 or HINI), or intramuscular inactivated (H3N2) influenza A vaccines were examined for one year after vaccination. Antibody responses were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and class‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One year after vaccination, live intranasal vaccinees had significantly less decay of serum HAI (p = 0.025) and IgG antibody (p = 0.01) directed against the influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase than did intramuscular inactivated vaccinees. Nasal secretory IgA developed almost exclusively in live vaccinees and persisted for up to one year. Persistent nasal secretory IgG was detected in both live and inactivated vacinees. Live vaccination not only stimulates a more durable serum antibody response, but also induces long‐lasting local respiratory tract IgA antibody that may play an important role in host pro

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSera from 79 patients with acute self‐limiting hepatitis, 17 patients with acute hepatitis B evolving into chronic HBsAg carriership, and 43 chronic HBsAg carriers without a history of acute hepatitis were analyzed for presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐DNA by a molecular hybridization technique. In acute self‐limiting hepatitis, HBV‐DNA was cleared within a few weeks after the onset of clinical symptoms. The longest period of DNA positivity observed in this group was 42 days. In 29 of 52 patients HBV‐DNA was cleared before HBeAg disappeared. Among 17 patients who became chronic HBsAg carriers, HBV‐DNA was present for more than 6 months in all but one. Most of the HBsAg carriers eventually cleared HBV‐DNA. The DNA clearance frequently preceeded the conversion of HBeAg to anti‐HBe. Thus, in many patients there was a transitional period with HBeAg but without HBV‐DNA. HBV‐DNA was found to be a better index of impending chronicity than HBeAg since persistence of HBeAg for more than 42 days was noted in 10% of the patients who nevertheless cleared HBsAg within 6 months. By that time all those patients had turned negative for HBV‐DNA. On the other hand, in 16 of the 17 patients who became chronic carriers of HBsAg, HBV‐DNA as well as HBeAg persisted for more than 6 months. The present results also suggest that infectivity in acute hepatitis B is a feature mainly of the presymptomatic and e

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn amyocarditic variant of a temperature‐sensitive (ts) mutant derived from the parent myocarditic variant Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3m) was studied in a murine model of CVB3m‐induced myocarditis to assess virus‐induced antigens and their possible role in the disease process. Amyocarditic variant ts5R induced a heart tissue antigen(s), extractable by hypertonic KCI, which inhibited migration of peritoneal exudate cells from CVB3‐inoculated myocarditic mice in an agarose droplet cell‐migration‐inhibition assay. The ts5R variant was amyocarditic at inoculum doses of 103to 108plaque‐forming units per mouse, but in cyclophosphamide‐immunosuppressed mice, ts5R induced myocarditis. Viable ts5R served as a vaccine and protected mice against CVB3m‐induced myocarditis. Murine neonatal skin fibroblasts (MNSF) infected with either virus served as in vitro targets and were lysed by splenic cytotoxic T lymphocytes from mice inoculated with either virus variant. ts5R and CVB3mreplicated to similar titers in murine neonatal skin fibroblasts (MNSF) at 24 hr postinoculation (pi), but differences in titers were found by 72 hr pi. Levels of natural killer cell activities in spleens of ts5R‐inoculated mice were slightly lower than in spleens of CVB3m‐inoculated mice at 7 days pi. The data suggest that viral induction of new antigens on target cells and viral induction of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize these antigenic changes do not always result in ind

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNeonatal cotton rats were treated with cyclophosphamide parenterally for three weeks before intranasal inoculation of live respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Immunosuppressive therapy resulted in severe depletion of lymphocytes from the peripheral circulation, the spleen, and the thymus. In contrast to normal rats, immunosuppressed animals developed severe pulmonary pathology with marked infiltration of foamy macrophages. Persistent degeneration and regeneration of bronchial epithelial cells were also observed, in which RSV antigens could be demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase technique. In addition, large quantities of live virus were recovered from the respiratory tract of these animals for as long as six weeks after infection. Systematic dissemination of RSV, which has never been documented in immunocompetent control rats, was found in four of the cyclophosphamide‐treated animals. These results support clinical observations that cellular immunity may be very important in the pathogenesis of RSV infection in the human hos

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring one year, 198 patients were admitted to the Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, with acute viral hepatitis. Sera from 126 of these were tested for HBsAg, IgM anti‐HBc, IgG anti‐HAV, IgM anti‐HAV, and delta antibody in those positive for HBsAg. Only 6% of the patients were Qatari nationals and the remainder were immigrants. Of the 126 patients tested, 7 had acute hepatitis A, 29 had acute hepatitis B (none were positive for delta antibody), and the remaining 91 were regarded as having had acute non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. Of this latter group, 75% were Indian immigrants of whom 59% presented within six weeks of arrival in Qatar and only 2 patients presented later than eight weeks. These patients were thought to have contracted the infection in transit camps in India before immigration

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aetiology of Paget disease of bone has not been established but certain features have suggested involvement of a parainfluenzalike virus. To seek further evidence of the possible role of paramyxoviruses in Paget disease we have surveyed the presence of neutralising and immunoprecipitating antibodies to both respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 in the sera of patients attending a bone disease clinic. These two viruses were implicated by the sporadic observation of viral antigen in individual nuclei of osteoclasts in Paget disease bone lesions. A total of 315 samples were obtained from 177 patients attending the clinic during 1 year. Thirty‐six of the patients had confirmed Paget disease and the remainder other conditions. All sera possessed neutralising activity to both viruses. The mean titres for each virus were similar in patients with Paget disease and those with other conditions whether matched or not. In the case of respiratory syncytial virus the neutralising titres were distributed closer to the mean in the Paget group and showed little variation in repeat samples taken over periods of up to 1 year in contrast to the greater variability of the control group.The antigenic specificity of 20 age‐ and sex‐matched sera from each group was examined by immunoprecipitation. No significant differences were observed between Paget and non‐Paget patients. These results do not provide confirmation of involvement of either virus in Paget disease, but the serological data suggest that persistent infection with respiratory syncytial virus ca

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890170411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY