摘要:

AbstractEighty consecutive cases of acute viral hepatitis and 80 controls selected from a public pediatric clinic were entered into a study of acute sporadic hepatitis in Khartoum, Sudan. Study subjects were 14 years of age or younger and were mainly from a low socioeconomic level. Non‐A, non‐B hepatitis was diagnosed by exclusion in 35 (43.8%) patients, hepatitis A in 27 (33.8%), acute hepatitis B in 8 (10.0%), possible Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) hepatitis in 1 patient; and dual hepatitis A and B infection in 1 patient. Eight acute cases were positive for HBsAg but negative for anti‐HBc IgM and anti‐HAV IgM. Delta hepatitis was not identified in any study subject. A household case of jaundice and acquaintance with an individual outside of the household with jaundice during the prior 6 months were associated with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. There was no association between parenteral exposure and non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. These findings suggest that enterically transmitted non‐A, non‐B hepatitis may be a major cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in children in this area, as well as a cause

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEvidence of B19 parvovirus infection was sought by in situ hybridisation with biotinylated probes in 65 tissue samples from 32 pregnancies (fetuses, products of conception and/or placentas). Twenty‐seven samples were reactive and the results were confirmed by other methods for B19 virus detection in 22 cases. The other methods used were in situ hybridisation with 3H and 35S labelled probes; dot‐blot hybridisation with biotin and 32P labelled probes; polymerase chain reaction assay; negative stain and thin section electron microscopy; and radioimmunoassay for B19 antigen. The five false positive results by in situ hybridisation with biotinylated probes were considered to be due to non‐specific biotin capture and were more frequent with unfixed samples than with formalin fixed material. It was concluded that while biotinylated probes offered advantages over radioactive probes for detecting B19 DNA by in situ hybridisation, positive findings should be confirmed by other me

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of experiments was carried out using a mouse HSV‐1 encephalitis model for detecting HSV‐DNA in CSF by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results were correlated with the time period after corneal inoculation, clinical signs and symptoms, and progression of infection in brain tissue (antigen detection and histo‐pathology), and were compared with virus isolation by spin‐amplified culture (SAC/IF).The PCR proved to be superior to SACAF, both with respect to early detection and the percentage of positive samples. The results of PCR did not correlate with signs of disease, nor with the interval post‐inoculation. A correlation with the spread of HSV within the brain tissue was found.The possible pathways for virus spread from brain parenchyma to the CSF as well as a possible explanation for the low amounts of virus and viral‐DNA within the CSF ar

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development and evaluation of an ELISA for analysis of anti‐BKV specific IgA antibodies in human sera are described. All children with cancer with a primary BKV infection developed specific IgA antibodies, without any specific symptoms during the infection. Specific IgA was found in 61% of sera from healthy persons containing BKV IgG antibodies, using the chosen cut‐off value, and BKV IgM in 4%. These results indicate that IgA production is more persistent than IgM. The high frequency of specific IgA antibodies could either be explained by frequent reactivations or long‐lasting persistence of anti

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA pilot survey conducted in Cameroon comprising 702 children of primary school age revealed that 58.5% of the children were positive for at least one HBV marker. An overall HBsAg prevalence of 19.9% was observed. Both any HBV marker and HBsAg prevalences increased with age (P<0.01). Of the HBsAg‐positive subjects, 28.4% were positive for HBV‐DNA; none was positive for anti‐HDV. There was no significant difference among sexes for either any HBV marker or for HBsAg prevalence. However, a significant difference by sex was found in the percentage ratio HBsAg+/and any marker + (41.0% in males against 28.2% in females; P<0.05). No significant difference with respect to the father's occupation and family size was observed. When the zone of location of school was taken into consideration it was observed that suburban school children had a higher prevalence of any HBV marker as compared to central town school children (73.9% vs. 56.6%; P<0.001). These results place Cameroon among countries of high endemicity for HBV. The results also indicate an early acquisition of infection, a high infectivity, and probably continuous infection even in the primary school

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe avidity of IgG antibodies following varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infections was investigated using urea treatment of antigen‐bound serum antibody by indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunoblotting techniques. Sequential sera from 16 patients with varicella and 17 patients with zoster were tested, as well as sera from 80 seropositive individuals without a recent history of VZV disease.Both types of assay showed that low‐avidity antibodies predominate early after primary infection, but that antibody avidity increases markedly during convalescence. Using RIA, all sera taken up to 12 weeks after the onset of varicella showed>50% reduction in antibody titre after treatment with 8 M urea but thereafter the proportion of urea resistant antibody increased with time. In contrast, after recurrent infection, high avidity antibodies were found to predominate at all times. Only 6 of 47 sera tested from zoster cases showed>30% reduction after urea treatment and all these were taken within 2 weeks after onset of rash. lmmunoblotting also showed that the highly immunogenic p32/p36 nucleoproteins appear to induce predominantly low avidity antibodies, even after recurrent VZV infection.The results of this study indicate that treatment with 8 M urea in RIA for IgG antibodies may be a simple and reliable method for distinguishing primary and anamnestic antibody responses agains

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe CSF/serum immune response to HIV 1 was studied in 24 patients admitted for investigation. The level of antibody to HIV‐1 and specificity of oligoclonal IgG were determined in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The majority of patients demonstrated elevated levels of intrathecal IgG synthesis, with levels of HIV‐l‐specific antibody frequently being significantly higher in CSF than in serum. In 16 of 21 patients the CSF/serum antibody ratio indicated active intrathecal synthesis. Oligoclonal banding was present in CSF from all 24 patients. lmmunoprinting of serum and CSF demonstrated antigenic specificity (p24, gp 160, RT) of the clonal antibodies in all of 12 patients though the patterns of reactivity in CSF did not necessarily correspond with that of serum. Although a specific association of particular patterns with HIV CNS disease was not found we feel that these markers should be included in longitudinal studies of HIV‐related diseases of the CNS. The specificity of oligoclonal antibodies, both in CSF and in serum was demonstrated, and this specificity may be a useful marker for longitudinal studies in HIV‐1 antibody‐positive asymptomat

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo clarify the intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV) in 107 index patients with type C chronic liver disease was studied and compared with the prevalence of anti‐HCV antibody in their 296 family members. Of the 85 index patients who were positive for anti‐HCV, 15 (8%) of 196 of their family members were also HCV antibody positive, whereas of the 22 index patients who were anti‐HCV antibody negative, none of the family members of the 100 evaluated was positive for anti‐HCV antibody, a statistically significant difference between groups (P<0.02). No specific relative (spouse, child, parent, and sibling) was linked to HCV positivity in the index cases making it difficult to identify the route of infection that is believed to occur via the parenteral route in the home or

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a retrospective study, antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV antibody) was measured in 80 patients with acute viral hepatitis (type A, 18; type B, 21; type non‐A, non‐B, 41). Anti‐HCV antibody was found in 12 of 20 patients (60%) with non‐A, non‐B post‐transfusion hepatitis (NANB‐PTH) and in 9 of 21 patients (43%) with sporadic NANB hepatitis (NANB‐SPO). Patients with acute hepatitis type A or type B did not have anti‐HCV antibody. The number of patients who developed chronic hepatitis was greater in the group with anti‐HCV antibody than in the anti‐HCV negative group in both NANB‐PTH and NANB‐SPO. The difference was significant in those with NANB‐PTH (P<0.05).To investigate the relationship between the long‐term prognosis of NANB‐PTH and the course of anti‐HCV, we studied anti‐HCV antibody in 12 patients who developed chronic type C hepatitis (C‐CH) after PTH and followed them for more than 5 years after the development of PTH. One year after the development of PTH, all 12 had anti‐HCV antibody. Five lost anti‐HCV antibody (group 1) while 7 remained positive (group 2) at the final examination. Four of the 5 patients in group 1 had normal serum transaminases; however, abnormal transaminase persisted in all 7 patients in group 2 until the end of follow‐up (P<0.05). Because there was no significant difference in the mean follow‐up period between groups 1 (91.6 months) and 2 (102.9 months), it is assumed that the long‐term prognosis of group 1 is better than that of group 2. These observations indicate that anti‐HCV antibody is a useful diagnostic marker for non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in patients with acute hepatitis and that the course of anti‐HCV antibody is closely related to the evolution of serum transaminase abnormality

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNew genome types of Ad3 and Ad7 were found among adenovirus (Ad) strains isolated from stools of children during epidemiological surveys made in Säo Paulo, Brazil, and Buenos Aires, Argentina. These were characterized by DNA analysis with 11 restriction endonucleases and showed a number of new restriction patterns, notably for BamHI, BcII, BgIII, HindIII, Kpnl, and Smal. Restriction maps of the genome types, named Ad3e1, Ad3e2, Ad3h, and Ad7h, were constructed and compared with those of Ad3p and Ad7p

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890330211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY