摘要:

AbstractDetection of the Epstein‐Barr (EBV) antigens, early antigen (EA), viral capsid antigen (VCA), and nuclear antigen (EBNA) by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique was highly sensitive. Antibody titers to EBNA, EA, and VCA were determined in more than 25 sera of patients with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), or normal persons. A good correlation between the titers of these antigens was obtained by the immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods. The indirect (anti‐IgG) immunoperoxidase technique for the detection of EBNA is, in contrast to the indirect immunofluorescence method, highly sensitive. EBNA was associated with the chromosomes in cells arrested in the metaphase with colchic

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe susceptibility of white‐lipped marmoset monkeys (Saguinus sp) to human hepatitis A virus (HAV) provides a system for evaluation of thermal inactivation of HAV in feces and contaminated shellfish. Intramuscular or oral administration of HAV derived from feces of four patients with acute hepatitis A induced hepatitis in 28–100% of the inoculated marmosets. A 10% (w/v) fecal pool (GBG‐BM) prepared from two patients (GBG and GBM) induced hepatitis in marmosets (2/4 with 1 ml; 2/2 with 3 ml) when given orally as a 1:3 dilution. A HAV‐baby food raw oyster mixture fed to fasted marmosets induced hepatitis in 1/4 and seroconversion in 2/4 animals. Two groups of oysters were injected with HAV (concentrated 3:1 by centrifugation of the GBG‐BM pool); one group was treated at 140°F for 19 minutes and the other served as an untreated control. In animals fed the untreated inoculum, 4/6 developed hepatitis and 6/6 seroconverted, whereas of those fed the heattreated inoculum 1/7 developed hepatitis and 2/7 seroconverted. These data suggest that pasteurization methods could be developed that would eliminate shellfish‐associated hepatitis A and retain the palatability of t

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTumour, cirrhotic, and metastatic tissues from four patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma have been investigated for the presence of hepatitis B viral DNA by nucleic acid hybridization.Tumours from two of three patients with a current HBV infection contained 1–2 genomes per cell of unintegrated viral DNA, while tumours from the third HBs antigen‐positive patient contained less than one genome equivalent per ten cells. A tumour from one patient with anti‐HBs contained no detectable HBV DNA.A variety of models involving HBV as an etiologic agent may be advanced to explain the statistical correlation of HBV infection with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). The data presented here argue against the model that HBV DNA integrated into every cell is required to maintain the oncogenic transformation of hepatocytes, but they do not rule out other m

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn immune‐adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) method for coronavirus 229E antibody determination has been developed both for diagnosis of recent infections and for detection of long‐past infections. Results have been compared with those obtained by complement fixation (CF), neutralization (Nt), and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests. The IAHA method has been shown to be as sensitive as the CF, Nt, and IHA tests in detecting cases of acute 229E infection. However, in a seroepidemiological survey of 343 healthy people of all ages, IAHA detected 229E antibody in 254 individuals (74.0%), Nt in 166 (48.3%), IHA in 89 (25.9%), and CF in 30 (8.7%). A study of the prevalence of coronavirus 229E IAHA antibody in the different age groups has shown that during the second decade of life nearly 100% of the population acquire this type of antibody, whereas only 50% are positive at the end of the first decade. In the older age groups, the high frequency of CF antibody (“marker” of recent infection) indirectly confirms the high rate of 229E reinfections and the nonprotective nature of IAHA antibody. CF titer ⩾ 1:8 in 90% of cases corresponded to IAHA titers ⩾ 1:64. However, sera with IAHA titers of ⩾ 1:128 were often CF‐negative. Recent 229E infections (or reinfections), as determined by the presence of CF antibody, were more frequent in April‐May than in October‐November. Three cases of acute infection showing 229E seroconversion (two adults and one child) were observed during the winter‐spring season. IAHA appears to be the test of choice for seroep

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) in vitro and in vivo on subacute myeloopticoneuropathy (SMON) virus isolated from the spinal fluid of SMON patients was studied. PAA inhibited multiplication of SMON virus in cultures, but it did not show a direct effect on the virus. The drug did not influence the disease when the medication was started from 10 days after infection of suckling mice. However, the drug did elicit a delay in the incubation period.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA novel minor constituent was isolated from normal human serum by affinity chromatography on columns of insolubilized concanavalin A and antibodies to albumin, followed by rate zonal centrifugation. This component has the following properties: a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 31; a diameter of 14–22 nm, and a buoyant density of 1.302 gm/cu cm. It contains about 1% neutral sugars and is electrophoretically heterogeneous, since two populations of particles with isoelectric points of pH 4.95 and 5.75 were separated by isoelectric focusing. It contains a single major glycopeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 72,000 daltons. Its amino acid composition is distinct from that of albumin. It elicited the formation of antibodies that also reacted with HBsA

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of steroid hormones on herpes simplex virus type 1 replication was examined. Virus replication studies revealed that various concentrations of prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, or progesterone could decrease virus yields up to a maximum of 99%. Using isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl to separate viral from cell DNA, it was found that virus‐specific DNA synthesis was decreased by 30 to 100% depending on the hormone and concentration used. Cell‐specific DNA synthesis was also adversely affected, but this did not alter cell viability or plating efficie

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe growth of parent influenza viruses A/England/939/69 and A/PR/8/34, and clones 6, 7, and 64C, derived by recombination, was studied in newborn rats. Using an inoculum of 104.0EID50, influenza virus A/England/939/69 produced the highest titres of virus in rat turbinates at 48 hours after inoculation; clones 6 and 7 and A/PR/8/34 grew to lower titres; and clone 64C grew to the lowest titre. These differences were less apparent when 102.0EID50of virus was used as an inoculum, and rats were not infected by smaller inoculum of any of the virus strains. Infection with 104.0EID50of all viruses produced lung infection; at 48 hours after infection, the highest titres were recovered from rats infected with A/PR/8/34 and A/England/939/69 virus. Prior infection with A/England/939/69 or A/PR/8/34 increased the incidence of bacteraemia and meningitis following intranasal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae type b; infection with clone 64C did not enhance bacterial meningitis, while infection with clone 6 gave an intermediate result. Volunteer studies with these viruses have shown that influenza virus A/England/939/69 was virulent, clones 6 and 7 were attenuated, clone 64C was overattenuated, and A/PR/8/34 virus was noninfective for man. The relative titres of virus recovered from turbinates taken 48 hours after infection with 104.0EID50of virus and the ability of virus infection to enhance bacterial infection correlated with the property of virus attenuation for man for four of the five strains tested; however, no correlation was seen for A/PR/8/34 virus, which is a result also found in other laboratory tests designed to measure virulence for man.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy in 11 of 30 infants and young children with intussusception (37% of subjects under study). Serologic complement fixation tests revealed evidence of infection with the rotavirus in 70% of the patients examined who eliminated the rotavirus in their stools. These results indicate that human rotavirus, in addition to adenovirus, may be an infectious agent causing intussusception in infants and young children.

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe question of the exact disappearance time or possible persistence of measles‐specific IgM antibodies after naturally acquired measles virus infections was studied with a sensitive solid‐phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. A total of 30 patients were analyzed with follow‐up times varying from 4.5 to 8 months; all were measles IgM positive in the first serum specimen obtained after the onset of rash. In 29 of 30 patients, the measles IgM declined to undetectable levels by approximately 90 days. The remaining patient developed postmeasles encephalitis, however, and was found to have a prolonged measles IgM antibody response. For comparison, the measles‐specific IgG response was also studied and was found to develop only slightly later than the IgM response, with levels then remaining high and stable up to 8 months later. Although apparent measles IgM antibodies were found in 1 of 64 nonmatched adult controls, they were due to the presence of high levels of IgM‐class rheumatoid factor. The data presented indicate that measles IgM antibodies begin to decline soon after the onset of rash and reach negative levels 1 to 3 months later; in complicated infections, however, measles IgM antibody synthesis may not terminate

ISSN:0146-6615    

DOI:10.1002/jmv.1890020311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY